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Related Concept Videos

RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
Experimental RNAi02:15

Experimental RNAi

RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the ATP-dependent...
Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

Nucleic Acid Structure

The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
DNA Structure
DNA has a double-helix structure. The...
Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Sequence-specific and Selective Recognition of Double-stranded RNAs over Single-stranded RNAs by Chemically Modified Peptide Nucleic Acids
09:04

Sequence-specific and Selective Recognition of Double-stranded RNAs over Single-stranded RNAs by Chemically Modified Peptide Nucleic Acids

Published on: September 21, 2017

Branched RNA nanostructures for RNA interference.

Yuko Nakashima1, Hiroshi Abe, Naoko Abe

  • 1Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako-Shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)
|June 22, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Branched RNA structures were engineered for RNA interference, yielding potent gene silencing. This novel tetramer design effectively produced small interfering RNA (siRNA) for sustained gene knockdown.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • RNA Therapeutics
  • Gene Silencing

Background:

  • RNA interference (RNAi) is a powerful gene regulation mechanism.
  • Small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a key tool in RNAi-based therapies.
  • Designing efficient siRNA delivery and stability remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and evaluate novel branched RNA structures for enhanced siRNA generation.
  • To assess the gene silencing efficacy and duration of the branched RNA tetramer design.

Main Methods:

  • Assembly of single-stranded RNA to create branched RNA molecules with three- or four-way junctions.
  • Enzymatic processing of branched RNAs by human Dicer into double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) species.
  • Quantification of gene silencing effects over a 5-day period.

Main Results:

  • Branched RNAs were successfully designed and processed by Dicer into functional siRNA.
  • The tetramer branched RNA design demonstrated a potent gene silencing effect.
  • Sustained gene silencing was observed for up to 5 days.

Conclusions:

  • Branched RNA structures represent a promising platform for generating functional siRNA.
  • The tetramer design offers a potent and sustained approach for RNA interference applications.
  • This strategy could advance the development of RNAi-based therapeutics.