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Related Concept Videos

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples01:10

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples

X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are  scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The  X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal crystal...
X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
Determination of Crystal Structures01:29

Determination of Crystal Structures

In the late 1800s, the revelation that light extended beyond visible wavelengths led to the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen. Recognized as high-energy electromagnetic radiation with short wavelengths, X-rays prompted exploration into their interaction with crystals. Max von Laue proposed in 1912 that the periodic arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in crystals would cause them to diffract X-rays, a hypothesis confirmed through experiments with copper sulfate and zinc sulfide...

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Updated: May 31, 2026

Structure Solution of the Fluorescent Protein Cerulean Using MeshAndCollect
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Published on: March 19, 2019

Simultaneous X-ray diffraction from multiple single crystals of macromolecules.

Karthik S Paithankar1, Henning O Sørensen, Jonathan P Wright

  • 1Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, England.

Acta Crystallographica. Section D, Biological Crystallography
|June 24, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study explores using multiple crystals in macromolecular crystallography to collect X-ray diffraction data simultaneously. This method aids in analyzing intergrown crystals and mitigating radiation damage effects.

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Last Updated: May 31, 2026

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Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction and Fluorescence Imaging of Mineral and Rock Samples

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Area of Science:

  • Crystallography
  • Structural Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Macromolecular crystallography is crucial for determining the 3D structure of biological molecules.
  • Collecting high-quality diffraction data can be challenging due to crystal limitations and radiation sensitivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the feasibility of simultaneously collecting X-ray diffraction data from multiple crystals (up to seven) in macromolecular crystallography.
  • To describe the algorithms and practical implementation for data extraction from multi-crystal assemblies.
  • To assess the utility of this approach for handling intergrown crystals and reducing radiation damage.

Main Methods:

  • Development and application of algorithms for processing X-ray diffraction data from multiple crystals.
  • Simultaneous data collection from assemblies of up to seven crystals.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated the potential of collecting diffraction data from multiple crystals concurrently.
  • Successfully extracted and processed data from multi-crystal assemblies.
  • Showcased the applicability to intergrown crystals and mitigating radiation damage.

Conclusions:

  • Simultaneous data collection from multiple crystals offers a viable strategy in macromolecular crystallography.
  • This technique can overcome challenges associated with intergrown crystals and radiation sensitivity.
  • Further development could enhance data collection efficiency and structural determination capabilities.