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Related Concept Videos

Minerals01:26

Minerals

Minerals are essential nutrients that the human body needs in small amounts to work properly. They play a vital role in many bodily functions, such as building strong bones and transmitting nerve impulses. Some minerals are needed for hormone production or to maintain a normal heartbeat. Major minerals include calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, sodium, chlorine, and magnesium, while trace minerals include iron, manganese, copper, iodine, zinc, cobalt, fluoride, and selenium.
Essential Minerals for Bone Health01:31

Essential Minerals for Bone Health

The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...
Tooth Anatomy01:21

Tooth Anatomy

The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or grinding food.
Teeth01:15

Teeth

The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin and...
Halogens03:01

Halogens

Group 17 elements, known as halogens, are nonmetals. At room temperature, fluorine and chlorine are gases, bromine is a liquid, and iodine a solid. Astatine is a highly unstable radioactive element, so currently, most of its properties are unknown due to its short half-life. Tennessine is a synthetic element also predicted to be in this group.
The Oral Microbiota01:27

The Oral Microbiota

The oral microbiome includes a complex ecosystem comprising over 700 microbial species, identified through genomic sequencing and culture-based analyses to date. This community includes a core microbiome, found universally among individuals, and a variable component influenced by environmental factors such as diet, lifestyle, and host genetics. Site-specific conditions, including oxygen gradients, pH levels, and nutrient availability, determine the spatial distribution of these microorganisms...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Micro-dissection of Enamel Organ from Mandibular Incisor of Rats Exposed to Environmental Toxicants
08:12

Micro-dissection of Enamel Organ from Mandibular Incisor of Rats Exposed to Environmental Toxicants

Published on: March 29, 2018

Fluoride in dental erosion.

Ana Carolina Magalhães, Annette Wiegand, Daniela Rios

    Monographs in Oral Science
    |June 25, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary

    Topical fluorides strengthen teeth against dental erosion by forming protective layers. Tin-containing fluoride products show the most promise for preventing dental erosion effectively.

    Area of Science:

    • Dental science
    • Biomaterials science

    Background:

    • Dental erosion results from chronic acid exposure, leading to demineralization of enamel and dentin.
    • Dentin erosion is complex due to the exposed organic matrix hindering ion diffusion and slowing lesion progression.
    • Topical fluoridation forms protective layers (CaF2 or metal-rich precipitates) on dental hard tissues.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the effectiveness of different topical fluoride agents in preventing dental erosion.
    • To compare the protective potential of fluoride on enamel versus dentin.
    • To identify optimal fluoride formulations for dental erosion prevention.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of in situ studies on fluoride's effect on dental erosion.
    • Analysis of fluoride mechanisms on enamel and dentin demineralization.

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    Microhardness Measurements on Tooth and Alveolar Bone in Rodent Oral Disease Models

    Published on: April 26, 2024

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: May 31, 2026

    Micro-dissection of Enamel Organ from Mandibular Incisor of Rats Exposed to Environmental Toxicants
    08:12

    Micro-dissection of Enamel Organ from Mandibular Incisor of Rats Exposed to Environmental Toxicants

    Published on: March 29, 2018

    Microhardness Measurements on Tooth and Alveolar Bone in Rodent Oral Disease Models
    06:16

    Microhardness Measurements on Tooth and Alveolar Bone in Rodent Oral Disease Models

    Published on: April 26, 2024

  • Comparison of conventional fluorides (sodium fluoride, amine fluoride) with metal-containing fluorides (titanium tetrafluoride, tin-containing fluoride).

    • Main Results:

    • Fluoride generally strengthens teeth against erosive acid damage.
    • Fluoride's protective effect is more pronounced on enamel than dentin, likely due to organic matrix degradation in dentin.
    • Tin-containing fluoride products demonstrated superior potential for preventing dental erosion.

    Conclusions:

    • High-concentration fluoride agents and frequent applications are effective in preventing dental erosion.
    • The efficacy of fluoride in dentin is influenced by the organic matrix's integrity.
    • Tin-containing fluoride products represent a promising strategy for dental erosion prevention, warranting further clinical investigation.