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Related Concept Videos

Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this information.
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Cognitive Development During Adulthood

Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
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Improving short-term memory can be achieved through techniques like chunking and rehearsal. Chunking involves organizing information into larger, more manageable units. This technique is particularly useful for information that exceeds the typical memory span of between five and nine items. For instance, logging into an online account with a password like "ta89vq0179gz" involves grouping letters and numbers into three chunks—ta89, vq01, and 79gz. It makes large amounts of information more...
Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory01:26

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory

Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or playing an...
Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory01:14

Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory

The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the cerebellum's...
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Related Experiment Video

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Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment
07:01

Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment

Published on: September 20, 2020

Working memory training and transfer in older adults.

Lauren L Richmond1, Alexandra B Morrison, Jason M Chein

  • 1Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA. lauren.richmond@temple.edu

Psychology and Aging
|June 29, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Working memory training in older adults showed improvements in cognitive tasks and self-reported attention. This suggests ecological tasks can effectively measure transfer in this population.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Working memory (WM) training is of interest for improving cognitive function in older adults.
  • Previous WM training studies often show limited transfer to other tasks and everyday functioning in older populations.
  • Improvements in daily life functioning after WM training are under-researched.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effectiveness of a specific working memory training task in older adults.
  • To assess transfer of WM training to cognitive measures and everyday functioning.
  • To determine if ecological tasks are suitable for measuring transfer in older adults.

Main Methods:

  • Older adults were trained using a working memory task known to promote transfer in younger adults.
  • Transfer was evaluated using measures of working memory (Reading Span), everyday cognitive function (Test of Everyday Attention, California Verbal Learning Test), and other tasks.
  • A control group was used for comparison.

Main Results:

  • Trained participants demonstrated significant improvements in Reading Span and California Verbal Learning Test repetitions compared to controls.
  • Participants in the training group reported greater improvements in everyday attention.
  • Findings indicate successful transfer of working memory training in older adults.

Conclusions:

  • Working memory training can lead to improvements in specific cognitive tasks and self-perceived everyday attention in older adults.
  • The use of ecological tasks is supported for assessing transfer in this demographic.
  • This study highlights the potential benefits of targeted WM training for enhancing cognitive abilities and daily functioning in aging populations.