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Related Concept Videos

Chemotaxis and Direction of Cell Migration01:21

Chemotaxis and Direction of Cell Migration

Cells can detect chemical cues in their environment and reorganize the cytoskeleton to migrate toward them or away from them. This directional migration, called chemotaxis, is essential during embryogenesis and development, immune response, tissue repair and regeneration, and reproduction. These chemical cues can either attract or repel the cell's movement. For example, axon development is determined by a combination of chemoattractants and chemorepellents that direct the growing axon towards...
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Cell separation was first achieved in 1964 by S. H. Seal, who separated large tumor cells from the smaller blood cells using filtration. Two years later, Pohl and Hawk performed experiments on how cells respond differently to a nonuniform electric field based on the cell type. Such observations were the inception of cell separation methods, which allow isolating a single cell type from a heterogeneous sample.
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Chemotaxis in Escherichia coli is a sensory-driven motility mechanism that enables bacteria to navigate chemical gradients, moving toward beneficial environments while avoiding harmful conditions. This process relies on a signal transduction system integrating external chemical cues with flagellar motor control.Chemoreceptors and Signal DetectionE. coli detects chemical gradients through methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCPs), which are membrane-bound chemoreceptors that sense attractants...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Imaging G Protein-coupled Receptor-mediated Chemotaxis and its Signaling Events in Neutrophil-like HL60 Cells
08:24

Imaging G Protein-coupled Receptor-mediated Chemotaxis and its Signaling Events in Neutrophil-like HL60 Cells

Published on: September 14, 2016

Chemotactic cell trapping in controlled alternating gradient fields.

Börn Meier1, Alejandro Zielinski, Christoph Weber

  • 1Faculty of Physics and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität in Munich, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 Munich, Germany.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|June 29, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Directed cell migration relies on rapid cytoskeletal changes. This study reveals how Dictyostelium discoideum cells respond to changing chemical signals, identifying key roles for PI3-Kinase in cell polarization.

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Last Updated: May 31, 2026

Imaging G Protein-coupled Receptor-mediated Chemotaxis and its Signaling Events in Neutrophil-like HL60 Cells
08:24

Imaging G Protein-coupled Receptor-mediated Chemotaxis and its Signaling Events in Neutrophil-like HL60 Cells

Published on: September 14, 2016

Planar Gradient Diffusion System to Investigate Chemotaxis in a 3D Collagen Matrix
09:26

Planar Gradient Diffusion System to Investigate Chemotaxis in a 3D Collagen Matrix

Published on: June 12, 2015

Traction Microscopy Integrated with Microfluidics for Chemotactic Collective Migration
10:53

Traction Microscopy Integrated with Microfluidics for Chemotactic Collective Migration

Published on: October 13, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biophysics
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Directed cell migration is crucial for biological processes.
  • Cytoskeletal reorganization, particularly actin dynamics, underlies cell movement.
  • Intracellular signaling molecules, like PI4,5P2/PI3,4,5P3 gradients, regulate actin dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanisms of directed cell migration in response to dynamic chemotactic stimuli.
  • To quantify intracellular response dynamics during rapid changes in external chemical gradients.
  • To elucidate the role of PI3-Kinase in cell polarization during chemotaxis.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a microfluidic device to generate alternating chemotactic gradient fields.
  • Exposed Dictyostelium discoideum cells to reorienting gradients on timescales down to seconds.
  • Quantified actin repolymerization dynamics using a GFP fusion protein (LimEΔcc) and correlated with cell migration response.

Main Results:

  • Dictyostelium discoideum cells adapt migration direction to gradient switching rates below 0.02 Hz.
  • Cellular repolarization stalls at 0.1 Hz, leading to a "chemotactically trapped" state.
  • Identified two distinct cell polarization types and the role of PI3-Kinase in repolarization.

Conclusions:

  • PI3-Kinase enhances polarity adjustment in early aggregation phase Dictyostelium discoideum cells.
  • The role of PI3-Kinase in polarity adjustment diminishes in aggregation-competent cells.
  • Cellular response to rapid chemotactic switching is limited by intracellular feedback mechanisms.