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Related Concept Videos

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...
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A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...
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Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology

Early Ischemia and Ionic ImbalanceWithin minutes of spinal cord injury, a secondary cascade begins, progressing over hours to weeks. Vascular damage reduces blood flow, causing ischemia and mitochondrial dysfunction. ATP depletion leads to ion pump failure, membrane depolarization, sodium influx, potassium efflux, and water accumulation, resulting in cellular swelling. Increased intracellular calcium further disrupts mitochondria and accelerates cellular injury.Excitotoxicity and Neuronal...
Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:15

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An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...
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Pre-Chiasmatic, Single Injection of Autologous Blood to Induce Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in a Rat Model
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Subsequent bilateral thalamic haemorrhage.

Jesus Perez1, Claudio Scherle, Calixto Machado

  • 1Hermanos Ameijeiras Hospital, San Lazaro 701, Havana, 10400, Cuba.

BMJ Case Reports
|June 29, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bilateral thalamic hemorrhage is a rare and often fatal condition. This case report highlights a Hispanic patient with this condition, emphasizing its poor prognosis and unclear underlying mechanisms.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Simultaneous or subsequent bilateral thalamic hemorrhage is a rare clinical event.
  • Most reported cases originate from Asian populations.
  • Thalamic hemorrhages can lead to severe neurological deficits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a rare case of bilateral thalamic hemorrhage in a Hispanic patient.
  • To discuss the clinical presentation and outcome of this rare condition.
  • To highlight the poor prognosis associated with bilateral thalamic hemorrhages.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of an 80-year-old Hispanic male with sudden onset right hemiparesis.
  • Initial diagnosis via computed tomography (CT) scan showing left thalamic hemorrhage.
  • Follow-up CT scan revealed bilateral thalamic hemorrhages with ventricular extension.

Main Results:

  • The patient presented with left posteromedial thalamic hemorrhage.
  • Two days later, the patient experienced sudden deterioration with hypertension, stupor, and tetraplegia.
  • CT confirmed bilateral thalamic hemorrhages, leading to death within 32 hours.

Conclusions:

  • This is the first reported case of bilateral thalamic hemorrhage in a Hispanic individual.
  • The prognosis for patients with bilateral thalamic hemorrhage is generally poor.
  • The exact mechanism for the development of subsequent and symmetrical thalamic bleeding remains unclear.