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Novel stone-magnetizing microparticles: in vitro toxicity and biologic functionality analysis.

Saad A Mir¹, Sara L Best, Stacey McLeroy

¹Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9110, USA.

Journal of Endourology

|June 30, 2011

Summary

Novel iron-based microparticles (Fe-MP) show minimal toxicity and effectively bind to kidney stones. These paramagnetic Fe-MP demonstrate 100% extraction success in the presence of urine and blood, paving the way for in vivo studies.

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Area of Science:

Biomaterials science
Nephrology
Minimally invasive surgery

Background:

Novel iron-based microparticles (Fe-MP) have been developed to bind calcium oxalate stone fragments, making them paramagnetic.
Previous studies demonstrated enhanced stone extraction efficiency in an inanimate model using magnetic instrumentation.

Purpose of the Study:

To characterize Fe-MP for cellular toxicity.
To assess the influence of biologic fluids on Fe-MP binding performance for kidney stone extraction.
To prepare for in vivo stone extraction studies.

Main Methods:

Cellular toxicity was assessed using neutral red staining on murine fibroblasts, human urothelium, and cancer cells exposed to Fe-MP.
Kidney stone fragments were incubated with Fe-MP in varying concentrations of urine and blood.
Stone extraction was performed using a magnetic tool.

Main Results:

Minimal to no cellular toxicity was observed in cell lines after 48 hours, with an exception in urothelial cells at the lowest concentration.
100% stone extraction success was achieved for all stone sizes.
Extraction was successful regardless of urine or blood concentration and completed within 10 minutes.

Conclusions:

Fe-MP exhibit minimal cellular toxicity.
Fe-MP maintain functionality in the presence of clinically relevant concentrations of urine and blood.
Further in vivo testing in animal models is warranted.