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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Cell Death01:30

Overview of Cell Death

Cell death is an essential process where the body gets rid of old or damaged cells. Cell proliferation and death need to be balanced, as an imbalance between the two may lead to cancer or autoimmune diseases.
Cell death was observed in the early 19th century, but there was no experimental evidence to prove it. In 1842, Carl Vogt first discovered cell death in a metamorphic toad; however, it was not termed ‘cell death.’ Scientists discovered different cell death pathways only in the 20th century...
Cell Signaling in Plants01:25

Cell Signaling in Plants

Plant cells communicate to coordinate their cycle of growth, flowering and fruiting, and activities in roots, shoots, and leaves in response to the changing environmental conditions. Plant signaling is distinct from animal signaling. Plants primarily utilize enzyme-linked receptors, whereas the largest class of cell-surface receptors in animals are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Unlike animals, receptor tyrosine kinases are rare in plants. Instead, plants have a diverse class of...
Regulation of the Unfolded Protein Response01:31

Regulation of the Unfolded Protein Response

Inositol-requiring kinase one or IRE1 is the most conserved eukaryotic unfolded protein response (UPR) receptor. It is a type I transmembrane protein kinase receptor with a distinctive site-specific RNase activity. As the binding mechanics of the misfolded proteins with the N-terminal domain of IRE-1 are unclear, three binding models — direct, indirect, and allosteric -- are proposed for receptor activation. Nevertheless, it is known that once a misfolded protein associates with IRE1, it...
Redox Reactions01:27

Redox Reactions

Redox reactions are vital biochemical processes that underpin energy metabolism in cells. These reactions involve the transfer of electrons between molecules, occurring in tandem as oxidation and reduction. Oxidation refers to the loss of electrons, while reduction denotes their gain. This coupling ensures the seamless flow of electrons through metabolic pathways. For example, in bacterial metabolism, glucose undergoes oxidation to carbon dioxide, while oxygen is simultaneously reduced to...
Redox Reactions01:24

Redox Reactions

Oxidation-reduction or redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons from one molecule or atom to another. When an atom gains an electron, another atom must lose an electron, meaning oxidation and reduction must occur together. Since the redox occurs in pairs, the atom that gets oxidized is also called the reducing agent or reductant, and the atom that is reduced is also called the oxidizing agent or oxidant. A straightforward way to remember the definitions of oxidation and reduction is...
The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:17

The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated when extracellular death-inducing signals, such as specific cytokines, activate the death receptors expressed on the cell surface. The immune cells involved in this pathway are natural killer cells (NK cells) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. NK cells are critical in innate immune response, while cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are associated with adaptive immune response. These cells recognize specific receptors expressed on the altered cells and activate...

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Pattern-Triggered Oxidative Burst and Seedling Growth Inhibition Assays in Arabidopsis thaliana
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Redox regulation in plant programmed cell death.

M C De Pinto1, V Locato, L De Gara

  • 1Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Bari, via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.

Plant, Cell & Environment
|June 30, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Programmed cell death (PCD) in plants involves complex signaling pathways. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are key inducers, with their production and scavenging balance critical for triggering this cell suicide process.

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Catalytic Scavenging of Plant Reactive Oxygen Species In Vivo by Anionic Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles
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Catalytic Scavenging of Plant Reactive Oxygen Species In Vivo by Anionic Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles

Published on: August 26, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Plant biology
  • Cellular biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Programmed cell death (PCD) is a genetically controlled process in eukaryotes and prokaryotes.
  • PCD occurs in plants due to developmental and environmental cues, but its signaling pathways are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review similarities and differences in PCD players between plants and animals.
  • To highlight the critical role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plant PCD.
  • To emphasize the importance of ROS production and scavenging balance in PCD signaling.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of plant and animal PCD mechanisms.
  • Analysis of signaling pathways involved in plant PCD.
  • Focus on the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants.

Main Results:

  • ROS are identified as key inducers of PCD in plants.
  • Different types and production sites of ROS, along with their interactions, are crucial for PCD activation.
  • The balance between ROS production and scavenging is vital for specific signaling steps.

Conclusions:

  • Plant and animal PCD share some players but have distinct features.
  • ROS act as crucial signaling molecules in plant PCD, with their redox balance determining the outcome.
  • Understanding the interplay between ROS and antioxidants is essential for elucidating plant PCD mechanisms.