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Related Concept Videos

Viscosity01:17

Viscosity

When water is poured into a glass, it falls freely and quickly, whereas if honey or maple syrup is poured over a pancake, it flows slowly and sticks to the surface of the container. This difference in the flow of different kinds of liquids arises due to the fluid friction between the liquid layers and the liquid and the surrounding material. This property of fluids is called fluid viscosity. In this example, water has a lower viscosity than honey and maple syrup.
The SI unit of viscosity is...
Viscosity01:27

Viscosity

Viscosity is a property of fluids that measures their resistance to flow. It is influenced by factors such as the surface area of contact, the gradient of flow speed, and the fluid's viscosity constant, called the coefficient of viscosity. The coefficient of viscosity, also known as dynamic viscosity, is denoted by the symbol η. It determines the proportionality between the viscous force and the gradient of flow speed.Newton's law of viscosity states that the viscous force on a faster-moving...
Viscosity of Fluid01:19

Viscosity of Fluid

Viscosity measures the resistance a fluid offers to flow and deformation. It results from internal friction between layers of fluid moving relative to one another. Dynamic viscosity, denoted by the Greek letter mu (μ), quantifies the force needed to move one fluid layer over another. For Newtonian fluids like water and air, the relationship between the shearing stress and the rate of shearing strain is linear, meaning their viscosity remains constant regardless of the applied stress.
Surface Tension, Capillary Action, and Viscosity02:57

Surface Tension, Capillary Action, and Viscosity

Surface Tension
The various IMFs between identical molecules of a substance are examples of cohesive forces. The molecules within a liquid are surrounded by other molecules and are attracted equally in all directions by the cohesive forces within the liquid. However, the molecules on the surface of a liquid are attracted only by about one-half as many molecules. Because of the unbalanced molecular attractions on the surface molecules, liquids contract to form a shape that minimizes the number...
Newtonian Fluid: Problem Solving01:18

Newtonian Fluid: Problem Solving

Newtonian fluids exhibit a constant viscosity, meaning their shear stress and shear strain rate are directly proportional. This property ensures a predictable and stable response to applied forces, maintaining a linear relationship between force and flow. Examples include water, air, and light oils, consistently demonstrating this proportional behavior regardless of external conditions.
A velocity gradient forms within the fluid when a Newtonian fluid is placed between two parallel plates, with...
Colloids03:22

Colloids

Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...

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Experimental Measurement of Settling Velocity of Spherical Particles in Unconfined and Confined Surfactant-based Shear Thinning Viscoelastic Fluids
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Viscosity affected by nanoparticle aggregation in Al2O3-water nanofluids.

Fei Duan1, Dingtian Kwek, Alexandru Crivoi

  • 1School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore. feiduan@ntu.edu.sg.

Nanoscale Research Letters
|June 30, 2011
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Alumina-water nanofluids exhibited non-Newtonian behavior initially but became Newtonian after ultrasonic treatment. Relative viscosity increased with concentration, showing a 60% rise at 5% alumina concentration.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Nanofluids, suspensions of nanoparticles in base fluids, offer enhanced thermal and physical properties.
  • Alumina (Al2O3)-water nanofluids are investigated for various applications, but their stability and flow behavior are critical.
  • Understanding viscosity and flow behavior is essential for predicting nanofluid performance and optimizing applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the viscosity and flow behavior of alumina-water nanofluids with dispersants.
  • To evaluate the effect of ultrasonic agitation on nanofluid properties.
  • To analyze the relationship between nanoparticle concentration and relative viscosity.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation of Al2O3-water nanofluids at volume concentrations of 1-5% with dispersants.
  • Viscosity measurements conducted two weeks post-preparation.
  • Application of ultrasonic agitation and subsequent re-evaluation of viscosity.
  • Microstructure analysis to observe nanoparticle aggregation.

Main Results:

  • Alumina-water nanofluids initially displayed non-Newtonian shear-thinning behavior.
  • Ultrasonic agitation treatment restored Newtonian fluid behavior.
  • Relative viscosity increased with increasing volume concentration of Al2O3 nanoparticles.
  • A significant relative viscosity increase of approximately 60% was observed at 5% concentration after re-ultrasonication compared to the base fluid.
  • Microstructure analysis revealed higher nanoparticle aggregation before ultrasonic treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Dispersants and initial preparation lead to temporary non-Newtonian behavior in alumina-water nanofluids.
  • Ultrasonic agitation effectively de-aggregates nanoparticles, restoring Newtonian fluid characteristics.
  • The relative viscosity of alumina-water nanofluids is concentration-dependent and significantly enhanced by nanoparticle addition.