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Related Concept Videos

Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes00:46

Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes

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The genome of most prokaryotic organisms consists of double-stranded DNA organized into one circular chromosome in a region of cytoplasm called the nucleoid. The chromosome is tightly wound, or supercoiled, for efficient storage. Prokaryotes also contain other circular pieces of DNA called plasmids. These plasmids are smaller than the chromosome and often carry genes that confer adaptive functions, such as antibiotic resistance.
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Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes00:58

Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes

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Eukaryotes have large genomes compared to prokaryotes. To fit their genomes into a cell, eukaryotic DNA is packaged extraordinarily tightly inside the nucleus. To achieve this, DNA is tightly wound around proteins called histones, which are packaged into nucleosomes that are joined by linker DNA and coil into chromatin fibers. Additional fibrous proteins further compact the chromatin, which is recognizable as chromosomes during certain phases of cell division.
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Genomics02:02

Genomics

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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Next-generation Sequencing

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The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
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Genome Annotation and Assembly03:36

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The genome refers to all of the genetic material in an organism. It can range from a few million base pairs in microbial cells to several billion base pairs in many eukaryotic organisms. Genome assembly refers to the process of taking the DNA sequencing data and putting it all back together in a correct order to create a close representation of the original genome. This is followed by the identification of functional elements on the newly assembled genome, a process called genome annotation.
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Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

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Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

G2-seq: A High Throughput Sequencing-based Technique for Identifying Late Replicating Regions of the Genome
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The Genomic Standards Consortium.

Dawn Field1, Linda Amaral-Zettler, Guy Cochrane

  • 1Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom. dfield@ceh.ac.uk

Plos Biology
|June 30, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Genomic Standards Consortium (GSC) promotes standards for omics data. Join the GSC to enhance the quality and quantity of public genome, metagenome, and marker gene sequence data.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Metagenomics
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • The rapid growth of 'omics technologies has generated vast amounts of biological data.
  • Standardizing the description and accessibility of this data is crucial for maximizing its utility.
  • The Genomic Standards Consortium (GSC) is a key organization addressing this challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a historical overview of the Genomic Standards Consortium (GSC).
  • To outline the current activities and scope of the GSC.
  • To call for broader community engagement in improving omics data standards.

Main Methods:

  • Review of GSC's history and activities.
  • Community-driven standardization initiatives.
  • Data quality and contextual information enhancement.

Main Results:

  • The GSC has a history of driving standardization in omics.
  • The GSC is involved in various standardization activities.
  • There is a need for increased community participation.

Conclusions:

  • The GSC plays a vital role in the 'omics field.
  • Enhanced community involvement is essential for improving public omics data.
  • Standardization efforts benefit the entire scientific community.