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Related Concept Videos

Blood Flow01:29

Blood Flow

Blood is pumped by the heart into the aorta, the largest artery in the body, and then into increasingly smaller arteries, arterioles, and capillaries. The velocity of blood flow decreases with increased cross-sectional blood vessel area. As blood returns to the heart through venules and veins, its velocity increases. The movement of blood is encouraged by smooth muscle in the vessel walls, the movement of skeletal muscle surrounding the vessels, and one-way valves that prevent backflow.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging01:24

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...
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Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System II:Types of Echocardiography

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Deep Vascular Imaging in the Eye with Flow-Enhanced Ultrasound
07:29

Deep Vascular Imaging in the Eye with Flow-Enhanced Ultrasound

Published on: October 4, 2021

Localized blood flow imaging using quantitative flow-enhanced signal intensity.

Cheng Ouyang1, Bradley P Sutton

  • 1Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA. couyang2@uiuc.edu

Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
|June 30, 2011
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces quantitative Flow-Enhanced Signal Intensity (qFENSI) for precise blood flow measurement. Quantitative FENSI overcomes previous limitations, enabling accurate mapping of localized cerebral blood flow in the brain.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Flow-Enhanced Signal Intensity (FENSI) is a functional imaging technique for assessing localized blood flow changes.
  • Previous FENSI methods were qualitative due to magnetization transfer effects and slice profile variations.
  • Accurate quantitative measurement of cerebral blood flow is crucial for understanding brain function and disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a revised FENSI acquisition method for quantitative imaging.
  • To enable the generation of absolute localized blood flow maps.
  • To assess the accuracy of quantitative FENSI in measuring microvascular blood flow.

Main Methods:

  • A revised FENSI acquisition protocol was implemented to eliminate magnetization transfer effects and slice profile errors.
  • Phantom studies were conducted to validate the feasibility and accuracy of quantitative FENSI.
  • Quantitative FENSI was applied to healthy subjects to measure resting-state cerebral blood flow and task-induced flow changes.

Main Results:

  • The revised FENSI method provides quantitative, absolute localized blood flow maps.
  • Phantom studies confirmed the accuracy of microvascular blood flow measurements.
  • Resting-state cerebral blood flow was measured at 366 ± 45 microL/min/cm(2) in gray matter and 153 ± 23 microL/min/cm(2) in white matter.
  • A significant flow change of 73 ± 13% was detected during a visual task.

Conclusions:

  • Quantitative FENSI is a validated method for accurate, localized cerebral blood flow measurement.
  • This technique overcomes limitations of previous FENSI approaches, offering improved precision.
  • Quantitative FENSI holds potential for advancing neuroimaging research and clinical applications.