Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein01:20

Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein

Antiepileptic drugs, such as levetiracetam (Keppra) and brivaracetam (Briviact), have emerged as crucial tools in managing epilepsy. These medications exert their therapeutic effects by targeting the synaptic vesicle protein SV2A, a transmembrane glycoprotein primarily found in the brain.
SV2A is a transmembrane glycoprotein located predominantly in the brain, modulating the release of neurotransmitters for neuronal communication. Both levetiracetam and brivaracetam exhibit a high affinity for...
Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators01:18

Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators

γ-aminobutyric acid or GABA, plays a pivotal role as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. GABA pathway potentiators, also known as GABAergic drugs, are a class of pharmaceutical agents designed to enhance the functioning of the GABAergic system. These medications primarily treat epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures.
The key GABA pathway potentiators used in epilepsy management are as follows.
Benzodiazepines are a well-known class of drugs used for their...
Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists01:14

Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists

Glutamate is a fundamental neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, playing a vital role in neuronal communication and various cognitive processes. Glutamate stands as the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Its presence is crucial for the communication between neurons, underpinning essential processes such as synaptic transmission, neuronal excitability, and plasticity. These functions are vital for higher-order cognitive processes, including learning and memory. The...
Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators01:20

Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators

Ezocgabine or retigabine, an antiepileptic drug of remarkable efficacy, has revolutionized the management of seizures. It is a potassium channel activator, explicitly targeting the family of Q subtype potassium channels. It enhances the transmembrane potassium currents, regulating neuronal excitability. This action stabilizes the resting membrane potential, a pivotal factor in mitigating the hyperexcitability that characterizes epilepsy.
Ezogabine has gained approval as an adjunctive treatment...
Antiepileptic Drugs: Calcium Channel Blockers01:17

Antiepileptic Drugs: Calcium Channel Blockers

Calcium channel blockers, a class of antiepileptic drugs, regulate the flow of calcium ions within neurons.
Calcium channel blockers exert their antiepileptic effects by targeting T-type calcium channels, which are integral to transmitting nerve signals in the central nervous system. These channels allow the passage of calcium ions, which are vital for neuronal communication. By inhibiting T-type calcium channels, calcium channel blockers effectively reduce the release of neurotransmitters and...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Local Field Potential-Based Programming: A Proof-of-Concept Pilot Study.

Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society·2022
Same author

Toward focused ultrasound neuromodulation in deep brain stimulator implanted patients: Ex-vivo thermal, kinetic and targeting feasibility assessment.

Brain stimulation·2022
Same author

Where Are We with Deep Brain Stimulation? A Review of Scientific Publications and Ongoing Research.

Stereotactic and functional neurosurgery·2022
Same author

Deep brain stimulation for extreme behaviors associated with autism spectrum disorder converges on a common pathway: a systematic review and connectomic analysis.

Journal of neurosurgery·2022
Same author

Commentary: Feasibility of Magnetic Resonance-Guided Focused Ultrasound Thalamotomy for Essential Tremor in the Setting of Prior Craniotomy.

Operative neurosurgery (Hagerstown, Md.)·2022
Same author

Leukoencephalopathy with brain calcifications and cysts (Labrune syndrome) case report: diagnosis and management of a rare neurological disease.

BMC neurology·2022
Same journal

Microsurgical Evacuation Efficacy and Functional Outcomes in Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage by Type of Antithrombotic Therapy.

Neurosurgery·2026
Same journal

Neurosurgeons Are Essential in the Interdisciplinary Care of Patients With Brain Metastasis.

Neurosurgery·2026
Same journal

Performance of Risk Scores in Predicting Intracranial Aneurysm Instability.

Neurosurgery·2026
Same journal

Electric-Scooters: An Emerging Source of High-Severity Pediatric Head Trauma.

Neurosurgery·2026
Same journal

Survival After Surgery for Spinal Osteosarcoma and the Role of Chemotherapy and Treatment Sequencing: A National Cohort Multivariable Analysis.

Neurosurgery·2026
Same journal

Safety and Efficacy of 3-Month Versus 6-Month Duration of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy in Pipeline Embolization Treatment of Intracranial Aneurysms.

Neurosurgery·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Recording and Modulation of Epileptiform Activity in Rodent Brain Slices Coupled to Microelectrode Arrays
10:24

Recording and Modulation of Epileptiform Activity in Rodent Brain Slices Coupled to Microelectrode Arrays

Published on: May 15, 2018

Neuromodulation in epilepsy.

Faisal A Al-Otaibi1, Clement Hamani, Andres M Lozano

  • 1King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Neurosciences Department, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. faisalruwais@gmail.com

Neurosurgery
|July 1, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neuromodulation offers new hope for epilepsy treatment, using electrical stimulation and novel therapies like gene therapy. These advanced strategies provide alternatives for patients unresponsive to traditional medications or surgery.

More Related Videos

Using a Bipolar Electrode to Create a Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Mouse Model by Electrical Kindling of the Amygdala
09:49

Using a Bipolar Electrode to Create a Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Mouse Model by Electrical Kindling of the Amygdala

Published on: June 29, 2022

A Cost-Effective and Minimally Invasive Protocol for Chronic Multi-Site Electroencephalography Recording in Freely Moving Mice
07:47

A Cost-Effective and Minimally Invasive Protocol for Chronic Multi-Site Electroencephalography Recording in Freely Moving Mice

Published on: October 10, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 31, 2026

Recording and Modulation of Epileptiform Activity in Rodent Brain Slices Coupled to Microelectrode Arrays
10:24

Recording and Modulation of Epileptiform Activity in Rodent Brain Slices Coupled to Microelectrode Arrays

Published on: May 15, 2018

Using a Bipolar Electrode to Create a Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Mouse Model by Electrical Kindling of the Amygdala
09:49

Using a Bipolar Electrode to Create a Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Mouse Model by Electrical Kindling of the Amygdala

Published on: June 29, 2022

A Cost-Effective and Minimally Invasive Protocol for Chronic Multi-Site Electroencephalography Recording in Freely Moving Mice
07:47

A Cost-Effective and Minimally Invasive Protocol for Chronic Multi-Site Electroencephalography Recording in Freely Moving Mice

Published on: October 10, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Medication-resistant epilepsy poses significant challenges in patient management.
  • Neuromodulation presents an alternative therapeutic avenue for intractable epilepsy.
  • Current treatments include vagus nerve stimulation and investigational brain stimulation targets.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current neuromodulation strategies for epilepsy.
  • To explore future applications of neuromodulation in epilepsy management.
  • To discuss novel therapeutic methods beyond electrical stimulation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on neuromodulation techniques for epilepsy.
  • Analysis of safety and efficacy data for various neurostimulation approaches.
  • Examination of emerging therapies such as responsive neuromodulation, TMS, and gene therapy.

Main Results:

  • Electrical stimulation of central and peripheral nervous systems shows promise.
  • Responsive neuromodulation demonstrates potential by targeting epileptiform activity.
  • Novel therapies including transcranial magnetic stimulation, cellular transplantation, and gene therapy are under investigation.

Conclusions:

  • Neuromodulation strategies, including electrical stimulation and novel therapies, offer promising alternatives for epilepsy treatment.
  • Further research into responsive neuromodulation and other advanced techniques is warranted.
  • These approaches hold potential for improved management of medication-resistant epilepsy.