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Electrically tunable liquid crystal waveguide attenuators.

Dong-Po Cai¹, Shan-Chi Nien, Hua-Kung Chiu

¹Department of Optics and Photonics, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan.

|July 1, 2011

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A novel liquid crystal (LC) attenuator fabricated in hollow waveguides (HWGs) offers over 30 dB light attenuation at 1550 nm. This device operates efficiently at low voltages and is polarization-independent.

Area of Science:

Photonics and Optical Engineering
Materials Science
Liquid Crystal Devices

Background:

Optical attenuators are crucial for controlling light intensity in photonic systems.
Liquid crystals (LCs) offer tunable optical properties suitable for active photonic components.
Hollow waveguides (HWGs) provide a versatile platform for integrating functional materials.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and characterize a novel optical attenuator using liquid crystals infiltrated into hollow waveguides.
To investigate the performance of the LC-filled HWG attenuator at the 1550 nm wavelength.
To assess the operational voltage, attenuation capability, and polarization independence of the fabricated device.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of hollow waveguides on a silicon substrate with a SiO2 cladding layer.

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Infiltration of liquid crystal E7 into the HWGs using the capillary effect.

Integration of electrodes for low-voltage operation (below 5 Vpp) with a 9 μm gap.

Characterization of light attenuation at 1550 nm and assessment of polarization dependency.

Main Results:

Successful fabrication of a 0.4 cm long LC-filled HWG attenuator.
Achieved light attenuation exceeding 30 dB at 1550 nm.
Demonstrated device operation with low driving voltage (< 5 Vpp).
Confirmed that the attenuator's performance is independent of input light polarization.

Conclusions:

The developed liquid crystal attenuator in hollow waveguides is a highly effective component for optical intensity control.
The device exhibits excellent attenuation performance, low operating voltage, and polarization-insensitivity, making it suitable for various photonic applications.
This approach offers a promising method for creating tunable optical components integrated onto silicon photonic platforms.