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Related Concept Videos

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lead Control01:24

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lead Control

Phase-lead controllers are commonly used in various control systems to enhance response speed and stability. Adjusting the brightness on a television screen offers a practical example of phase-lead control. When contrast is enhanced, a phase-lead controller is employed. Mathematically, phase-lead control is identified when the first parameter is smaller than the second.
The design of phase-lead control involves the strategic placement of poles and zeros to balance steady-state error and system...
Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments01:30

Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments

Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments (EDMs) are essential tools in modern surveying, offering precise distance measurements by emitting electromagnetic signals and calculating the time required for these signals to travel to a target and return. Two primary types of signals are used in EDMs — light waves and microwaves — each suited to specific environmental and distance requirements. Light-wave-based EDMs utilize either infrared or laser light, providing high accuracy over short distances...
Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lag Control01:21

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lag Control

Phase-lag controllers are widely used in control systems to improve stability and reduce steady-state errors. A dimmer switch controlling the brightness of a light bulb serves as a practical example of phase-lag control, gradually adjusting the bulb's brightness. Mathematically, phase-lag control or low-pass filtering is represented when the factor 'a' is less than 1.
Phase-lag controllers do not place a pole at zero, but instead influence the steady-state error by amplifying any finite,...
Phase-lead and Phase-lag Controllers01:22

Phase-lead and Phase-lag Controllers

Understanding the working function of different types of controllers can be illustrated with practical analogies, such as adjusting a stereo's volume equalizer. Cranking up the bass involves a phase-lead controller, which functions as a high-pass filter, while increasing the treble uses a phase-lag controller, which acts as a low-pass filter. PD controllers, similar to high-pass filters, enhance the system's response to high-frequency components. PI controllers, akin to low-pass filters, manage...
Chromatographic Resolution01:15

Chromatographic Resolution

In chromatography, a solute moves through a chromatographic column and tends to spread, forming a Gaussian-shaped band. The longer the solute spends in the column, the broader the band becomes. The broadening can lead to overlaps within the column, affecting separation effectiveness.
The effectiveness of separation can be evaluated by determining the level of separation between two neighboring peaks in a chromatogram, which represents the individual components of a sample.
In chromatography,...
Gain01:15

Gain

Gain and phase shift are properties of linear circuits that describe the effect a circuit has on a sinusoidal input voltage or current. The circuit's behavior that contains reactive elements will depend on the frequency of the input sinusoid. As a result, it is observed that the gain and phase shift will all be frequency functions.
Gain:
Suppose Vin is the input and Vout is the output signal to a circuit.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator
08:39

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Published on: January 28, 2019

Single-distance phase retrieval at large phase shifts.

Julian Moosmann1, Ralf Hofmann, Tilo Baumbach

  • 1Laboratorium für Applikationen der Synchrotronstrahlung, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Postfach 6980, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany.

Optics Express
|July 1, 2011
PubMed
Summary

This study enhances coherent X-ray imaging of phase objects by improving phase-retrieval algorithms. New methods overcome linearity limitations for accurate imaging with large phase changes and propagation distances.

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Area of Science:

  • Coherent X-ray imaging
  • Phase retrieval algorithms

Background:

  • Linear relations in phase-retrieval algorithms are crucial for imaging pure phase objects using a single intensity map after free-space propagation.
  • Reliability issues arise with large phase changes or propagation distances, limiting current algorithms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the reliability of linear relations in phase-retrieval algorithms for coherent X-ray imaging.
  • To develop and propose novel methods that overcome the limitations of linearity in phase retrieval.

Main Methods:

  • Studied the reliability of linear relations in phase-retrieval algorithms.
  • Proposed two methods to work beyond linearity: projection onto an effective linear model in Fourier space and expansion of intensity contrast.
  • Applied both algorithms to simulated data.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated successful application of the proposed algorithms to simulated data.
  • The new methods effectively address challenges posed by large phase changes and propagation distances.
  • Validated the ability to work beyond linearity in phase-retrieval.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed methods offer improved phase retrieval for coherent X-ray imaging, especially in challenging conditions.
  • These advancements enhance the accuracy and reliability of imaging pure phase objects.
  • The study successfully extends the applicability of phase-retrieval algorithms beyond linear regimes.