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Force and Position Control in Humans - The Role of Augmented Feedback
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Published on: June 19, 2016

EMG feedback tasks reduce reflexive stiffness during force and position perturbations.

Patrick A Forbes1, Riender Happee, Frans C T van der Helm

  • 1Biomechanical Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands. p.a.forbes@tudelft.nl

Experimental Brain Research
|July 1, 2011
PubMed
Summary

EMG biofeedback harmonizes arm posture tasks, revealing that task type, not perturbation, dominates motor control. EMG tasks reduce muscular and reflexive stiffness, suppressing position feedback.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Neuroscience
  • Human Motor Control

Background:

  • Posture maintenance involves complex interplay of muscular and reflexive responses.
  • Task instructions (force vs. position) and perturbation types influence these contributions.
  • Investigating perturbation effects requires controlling for task instruction biases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore modulation of muscular and reflexive contributions in shoulder muscles using EMG biofeedback.
  • To investigate perturbation type effects irrespective of task instruction.
  • To differentiate intrinsic muscular and reflexive feedback properties.

Main Methods:

  • Applied continuous force and position perturbations (0.5-20 Hz) at the hand.
  • Subjects maintained co-activation levels using EMG biofeedback.
  • Identified joint admittance and reflexive impedance in the frequency domain.

Main Results:

  • Perturbation type had no effect on joint admittance and reflexive impedance with EMG biofeedback.
  • EMG biofeedback tasks reduced muscular and reflexive stiffness compared to position tasks.
  • Reflexive position feedback was suppressed; velocity and acceleration feedback decreased by ~37%.

Conclusions:

  • Task type is the dominant factor in modulating arm posture control.
  • EMG biofeedback tasks reduce reflexive contributions, making force perturbations with position tasks more effective for studying dynamic motor control.