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Updated: May 31, 2026

Competing-Risk Nomogram for Predicting Cancer-Specific Survival in Multiple Primary Colorectal Cancer Patients after Surgery
Published on: September 27, 2024
Colorectal cancer treatment
Asad Qureshi1, Anjali Verma, Paul Ross
1Guy's & St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
Introduction:
Colorectal cancer is the third most common malignancy in the developed countries, and about a quarter of people present with intestinal obstruction or perforation. Risk factors for colorectal cancer are mainly dietary and genetic. Overall 5-year survival is about 50%, with half of people having surgery experiencing recurrence of the disease.
Methods And Outcomes:
We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical question: What are the effects of treatments for colorectal cancer? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to August 2008 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically, please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).
Results:
We found 57 systematic reviews, RCTs, or observational studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions.
Conclusions:
In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: adjuvant systemic chemotherapy, preoperative radiotherapy, and routine intensive follow-up.
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