Lung vascular targeting through inhalation delivery: insight from filamentous viruses and other shapes

Systemic delivery of therapeutic agents via inhalation of particulates remains an attractive, noninvasive means of administration due to the possibilities of high bioavailability and high patient compliance. Optimization of particle shapes and particle properties for deep lung deposition after inhalation continues to be one of the key challenges. Here, we review several aspects of nanoparticle design for deep lung deposition as well as the nature and extent of translocation through the air-blood barrier for local or systemic vascular targeting. We describe filamentous influenza virus in comparison to worm-like "filomicelle" polymers as one example of a nature inspired design.