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Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization

Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
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Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, it exploits physical properties only, specifically, the solubility differences between the desired compound and impurities, either at a single temperature or at different temperatures, and under other selected conditions. The solid-solution equilibrium (solubility equilibrium) of each component in the solution represents a binary phase...

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Growing Protein Crystals with Distinct Dimensions Using Automated Crystallization Coupled with In Situ Dynamic Light Scattering
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Laser-induced crystallization and crystal growth.

Teruki Sugiyama1, Hiroshi Masuhara

  • 1Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan. sugiyama@ms.naist.jp

Chemistry, an Asian Journal
|July 2, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Laser-induced phenomena like "laser micro tsunami" enable controlled crystallization of molecules and proteins. This review details methods for precise crystal growth using various laser techniques.

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Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Crystallization is fundamental to materials science and drug development.
  • Controlling crystal nucleation and growth remains a significant challenge.
  • Laser-based methods offer novel approaches for precise manipulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in laser-induced crystallization and crystal growth.
  • To explore the mechanisms behind laser-driven nucleation and growth processes.
  • To highlight the potential of lasers for controlled crystal formation.

Main Methods:

  • Femtosecond laser multiphoton excitation inducing ablation and "laser micro tsunami" for nucleation.
  • Femtosecond laser ablation of existing crystals to promote daughter crystal growth.
  • Continuous wave (CW) near-infrared laser irradiation at interfaces for cluster trapping and crystallization.
  • Laser trapping for directional and selective crystal growth.

Main Results:

  • Laser micro tsunami effectively triggers crystallization of molecules and proteins from supersaturated solutions.
  • Controlled growth of single daughter crystals from urea crystals was achieved.
  • Specific crystal polymorphs (e.g., glycine) can be obtained by tuning laser parameters (power, polarization) and solution concentration.
  • Laser irradiation at interfaces facilitates droplet formation and subsequent single crystal generation.
  • Directional and selective crystal growth is achievable through laser trapping.

Conclusions:

  • Lasers provide powerful tools for precise control over crystallization processes.
  • Various laser-based techniques enable tailored nucleation, growth, and polymorph selection.
  • Laser-induced crystallization offers a promising avenue for advanced materials and pharmaceutical applications.