[Renal position and fusion anomalies]

Area of Science:

• Pediatric Nephrology
• Urology
• Medical Genetics

Context:

• Renal ectopia (RE) and horseshoe kidney (HK) are congenital anomalies affecting kidney position and fusion.
• These conditions can be associated with significant urinary tract and systemic malformations.
• Early identification and comprehensive evaluation are essential for optimal patient management.

Purpose:

• To analyze the spectrum of kidney position and fusion anomalies.
• To investigate associated urinary tract pathologies in children with RE and HK.
• To identify extra-renal malformations and long-term complications in this cohort.

Summary:

• A retrospective review of 84 children with RE or HK revealed diverse presentations, including simple and crossed renal ectopia, and horseshoe kidney.
• Associated urinary tract pathologies, most commonly vesico-ureteral reflux (VUR), were observed in a significant proportion of patients.
• Extra-renal anomalies, particularly skeletal and genital, were noted in 25.45% of cases, highlighting the systemic implications of these renal anomalies.

Impact:

• This study underscores the importance of a thorough evaluation for associated anomalies when RE or HK is diagnosed.
• It emphasizes the need for long-term follow-up to monitor for complications such as urinary tract infections.
• Findings contribute to a better understanding of the comprehensive management of pediatric renal anomalies.