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Modern management of malignant hypercalcemia.
1Department of Solid Tumor Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, OH, USA. legrans@ccf.org
The American Journal of Hospice & Palliative Care
|July 5, 2011
Summary
Hypercalcemia, an oncologic emergency in advanced cancer patients, presents with gastrointestinal and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Bisphosphonates like zoledronate and pamidronate with saline rehydration are the preferred treatments.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Internal Medicine
Background:
- Hypercalcemia affects 10-20% of advanced cancer patients.
- It is a critical oncologic emergency with potentially fatal outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To summarize the presentation and management of hypercalcemia in advanced cancer.
Main Methods:
- Review of common symptoms including gastrointestinal (nausea, vomiting, constipation) and neuropsychiatric (delirium).
- Discussion of untreated consequences: coma and death.
- Overview of current preferred therapies: bisphosphonates (zoledronate, pamidronate) and saline rehydration.
Main Results:
- Early symptoms can mimic other cancer-related issues, delaying diagnosis.
- Neurological deterioration and death are risks if left untreated.
Conclusions:
- Prompt recognition and treatment of hypercalcemia are crucial in advanced cancer care.
- Bisphosphonates are the mainstay of treatment, often combined with hydration.
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