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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation
15:33

Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation

Published on: August 13, 2013

Polyclonal Treg cells modulate T effector cell trafficking.

Todd S Davidson1, Ethan M Shevach

  • 1Laboratory of Immunology, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.

European Journal of Immunology
|July 6, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Regulatory T (Treg) cells limit effector T (Teff) cell trafficking to tissues, reducing autoimmune disease development. This study reveals Treg cells impact Teff cell migration, not differentiation, by targeting specific receptor pathways.

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Generation of Human Chimeric Antigen Receptor Regulatory T Cells
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Generation of Human Chimeric Antigen Receptor Regulatory T Cells

Published on: January 3, 2025

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Last Updated: May 31, 2026

Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation
15:33

Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation

Published on: August 13, 2013

Generation of Human Chimeric Antigen Receptor Regulatory T Cells
10:29

Generation of Human Chimeric Antigen Receptor Regulatory T Cells

Published on: January 3, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cellular Biology
  • Autoimmunity

Background:

  • Regulatory T (Treg) cells are crucial for immune homeostasis and preventing autoimmunity.
  • Understanding the precise mechanisms of Treg cell-mediated suppression is essential for developing immunotherapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the in vivo dynamics of Treg cells, effector T (Teff) cells, and dendritic cells (DCs).
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which Treg cells suppress immune responses, specifically focusing on Teff cell trafficking and differentiation.

Main Methods:

  • Cotransfer of polyclonal activated Treg cells into healthy mice models.
  • Analysis of Teff cell numbers and differentiation in various tissues (spinal cord, lymph nodes, blood).
  • Assessment of T cell trafficking using a modified delayed-type hypersensitivity assay.
  • Flow cytometry analysis of Teff cell surface receptor expression (CXCR4, syndecan, S1P1).

Main Results:

  • Cotransfer of Treg cells attenuated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) induction.
  • Disease suppression correlated with reduced Teff cells in the spinal cord, independent of Th1/Th17 differentiation.
  • Treg cells enhanced Teff cell numbers in draining lymph nodes but limited their migration to tissues.
  • Teff cells recovered with Treg cells showed decreased expression of CXCR4, syndecan, and S1P1, indicating altered trafficking.

Conclusions:

  • Polyclonal Treg cells primarily influence Teff cell responses by modulating their trafficking pathways.
  • Treg cells allow immune responses in lymphoid organs while restricting the infiltration of potentially autoreactive Teff cells into tissues.
  • These findings highlight Treg cell-mediated control of T cell migration as a key mechanism in immune regulation and autoimmunity prevention.