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Steady, Laminar Flow in Circular Tubes

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Preparation of Free-Surface Hyperbolic Water Vortices

Preparation of Free-Surface Hyperbolic Water Vortices

Published on: July 28, 2023

Development of a swirling double counterflow.

Vladimir N Shtern¹, María M Torregrosa, Miguel A Herrada

¹Shtern Research and Consulting, Houston, Texas 77096, USA. vacshtern@sbcglobal.net

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics

|July 7, 2011

Summary

A swirling inflow in a cylindrical container creates U-shaped throughflows (TFs). Higher flow rates can lead to a double counterflow, beneficial for combustion.

Area of Science:

Fluid dynamics
Computational physics

Background:

Understanding fluid behavior in confined spaces is crucial for various engineering applications.
Cylindrical containers with swirling inflows are common in industrial processes.

Purpose of the Study:

To numerically investigate the fluid dynamics of a viscous incompressible fluid in an elongated cylindrical container.
To analyze the development of meridional circulation and U-shaped throughflows (TFs) under varying conditions.
To explore the transition from single to double counterflow and its underlying mechanisms.

Main Methods:

Numerical simulation of axisymmetric fluid motion.
Analysis of fluid flow patterns at different Reynolds (Re) numbers.
Examination of vortex breakdown and its impact on flow structure.

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Fabrication, Operation and Flow Visualization in Surface-acoustic-wave-driven Acoustic-counterflow Microfluidics

Fabrication, Operation and Flow Visualization in Surface-acoustic-wave-driven Acoustic-counterflow Microfluidics

Published on: August 27, 2013

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Last Updated: May 31, 2026

Preparation of Free-Surface Hyperbolic Water Vortices

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Fabrication, Operation and Flow Visualization in Surface-acoustic-wave-driven Acoustic-counterflow Microfluidics

Fabrication, Operation and Flow Visualization in Surface-acoustic-wave-driven Acoustic-counterflow Microfluidics

Published on: August 27, 2013

Main Results:

A single U-shaped TF is observed at moderate Re, with fluid moving from the periphery to the axis and exiting centrally.
Increased Re leads to vortex breakdown and, with a wide exhaust, the formation of a double counterflow.
The double counterflow involves fluid moving towards the dead end along both the sidewall and axis, returning in an intermediate region.

Conclusions:

The double counterflow is driven by swirl decay and flow convergence near the dead end.
This complex flow pattern has potential benefits for combustion applications.
The study elucidates the transition of flow regimes in a confined swirling system.