Artificial food dyes and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
1Department of Psychology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA. robin.kanarek@tufts.edu
Nutrition Reviews
|July 7, 2011
Summary
Artificial food dyes may impact hyperactivity in children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). While early research showed promise, later studies were inconclusive, though interest in diet
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Behavioral Science
- Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Nutritional Psychiatry
Background:
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood behavioral disorder with recognized genetic and environmental risk factors.
- Early research in the 1970s suggested a link between artificial food additives/dyes and reduced hyperactivity symptoms in children.
- Subsequent rigorous studies yielded less positive results, leading to a decline in research on this specific dietary link.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the historical and recent research concerning the impact of artificial food additives and dyes on ADHD symptoms.
- To contextualize the British government's 2009 request for manufacturers to remove artificial food dyes from products.
- To evaluate the role of dietary interventions within the broader understanding of ADHD's multifactorial nature.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of early and recent empirical studies on food additives and ADHD.
- Analysis of historical research findings, including Dr. Benjamin Feingold's work.
- Examination of recent public health responses and government actions regarding artificial food dyes.
Main Results:
- Initial studies indicated a potential benefit of additive-free diets for hyperactivity, but later, more rigorous research provided less consistent support.
- Renewed public and scientific interest has emerged in recent years, prompting regulatory action in some regions.
- The removal of artificial food dyes is acknowledged as a potential behavioral intervention but not a sole solution for ADHD.
Conclusions:
- The relationship between artificial food dyes and ADHD symptoms is complex and requires further investigation.
- While dietary changes may offer some benefits, ADHD is understood to have significant biological and environmental components.
- Public health initiatives reflect ongoing concerns about the impact of artificial food dyes on child behavior.
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