Parental perspective on sun protection for young children in Bavaria

Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation is the most important modifiable risk factor for skin cancer. Parents are responsible for sun protection of their young children and thus their knowledge and attitudes should be assessed.

A survey that included 2619 children aged 3-6 years (response: 64.7%) was performed in Erlangen during 2001/2002. Parents' attitude, knowledge and behavior regarding sun protection were ascertained by using a self-administered questionnaire. Demographic and photosensitivity data of the children were recorded, along with the UV radiation-related outcomes.

Most parents correctly recognized the risk factors of skin cancer, except the intermittent and intensive sun exposure. Nevertheless, most parents also agreed with statements regarding sun- and tanning related beauty and well-being. The overwhelming majority of parents stressed the necessity of sun protection for their children; however, 50% of the children experienced some form of solar radiation injury during the preceding summer. Children eagerly pursued outdoor activities, especially boys compared with girls (P<0.01). A gender difference was also apparent, with boys showing more willingness to wear hats than girls (P<0.01).

The relatively high level of knowledge was in contrast to a prevalent attitude of regarding sunlight as enhancing health and well-being. This may hamper UV radiation avoidance strategies. Thus, future campaigns should not only address preventive knowledge but also focus on associated attitudes to effectively modify the behavior.