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Related Concept Videos

Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
Modeling in Therapy01:26

Modeling in Therapy

Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in situations...
Social Anxiety Disorder01:28

Social Anxiety Disorder

Social anxiety disorder, also known as social phobia, is characterized by an intense fear of social situations where one might face humiliation, rejection, embarrassment, or negative evaluation. This disorder leads individuals to avoid activities like casual conversations, public speaking, or seemingly simple tasks such as eating, signing documents, or swimming, in public settings. Its impact extends beyond discomfort, often significantly interfering with daily functioning and quality of life.
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.
Antisocial Personality Disorder01:24

Antisocial Personality Disorder

Antisocial personality disorder is a chronic mental health condition characterized by persistent patterns of disregard for the rights and well-being of others. Individuals with antisocial personality disorder exhibit behaviors that include deceitfulness, impulsivity, irresponsibility, aggression, and a profound lack of empathy. These traits often manifest early in life and persist into adulthood, leading to significant personal, social, and legal consequences.
Behavioral Characteristics and...
Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...

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Using the Visual World Paradigm to Study Sentence Comprehension in Mandarin-Speaking Children with Autism
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Autism.

Jeremy Parr1

  • 1Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.

BMJ Clinical Evidence
|July 7, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This systematic review appraises evidence for autism treatments, offering clinical guidance on drug and non-drug interventions for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). It covers behavioral, dietary, and pharmacological approaches to improve ASD care.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Clinical Medicine
  • Evidence-Based Practice

Background:

  • Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) treatment efficacy evidence has advanced.
  • Systematic reviews are crucial for evaluating interventions.
  • Clinical guidance is needed for effective ASD management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and appraise evidence for drug and non-drug treatments for autism.
  • To provide clinical guidance on the use of various autism interventions.
  • To assess the effects of early intensive multidisciplinary programs, dietary interventions, and drug treatments in children with autism.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a systematic review of literature up to May 2009.
  • Searched major databases including Medline, Embase, and The Cochrane Library.
  • Included harms alerts from regulatory agencies like the FDA and MHRA.

Main Results:

  • Identified 30 systematic reviews, RCTs, and observational studies meeting inclusion criteria.
  • Performed a GRADE evaluation to assess the quality of evidence for interventions.
  • Synthesized findings on a wide range of autism therapies.

Conclusions:

  • The review presents information on the effectiveness and safety of numerous autism interventions.
  • Interventions include applied behavioral analysis, dietary changes (e.g., gluten-free, casein-free diets), and various medications (e.g., SSRIs, risperidone).
  • Guidance is provided for the clinical application of these diverse treatments for autism.