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Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas, which occurs when the immune system becomes active and causes swelling, pain, and disruptions in organ function. Pancreatitis can manifest as either an acute or chronic condition.
Acute pancreatitis arises suddenly and lasts for a brief duration, while chronic pancreatitis is a long-term affliction...

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Chronic pancreatitis is a long-standing, relapsing inflammation of the pancreas, characterized by irreversible damage to the gland. It results in progressive destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma, fibrosis, and eventual loss of both exocrine and endocrine function. The disease may evolve gradually after multiple episodes of acute pancreatitis or develop independently.EtiologyChronic pancreatitis can arise from a variety of causes:Alcohol use is the leading cause, accounting for 70–80% of...

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology

Chronic pancreatitis is a progressive and irreversible inflammation of the pancreas, most often caused by long-term alcohol abuse, but it can also be related to ductal obstruction, smoking, or genetic factors.Chronic pancreatitis occurs when the pancreas is repeatedly exposed to harmful agents like alcohol, smoking, ductal obstruction, or genetic predisposition. These factors lead to the release of toxic metabolites and inflammatory cytokines, sustaining chronic inflammation in the pancreatic...

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Acute pancreatitis is the sudden inflammation of the pancreas caused by the early activation of digestive enzymes, leading to the autodigestion of pancreatic tissue. This results in local inflammation and, in severe cases, systemic complications.EtiologyUnderstanding the underlying causes is crucial, as identifying the etiology guides treatment and anticipates complications. Acute pancreatitis can be triggered by various factors, typically grouped into the following clinical categories.Biliary...

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas, an organ located behind the stomach. It can be either acute or chronic.
Acute pancreatitis is characterized by rapid inflammation of the pancreas, often caused by factors like gallstone blockage or excessive alcohol consumption. Chronic pancreatitis, on the other hand, is a slow, progressive inflammation that may result from long-term alcohol abuse, obstructions in the pancreatic duct, or genetic factors.
The causes of acute pancreatitis include:

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Collaborative Care

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Collaborative Care

The management of chronic pancreatitis is multifaceted, involving a comprehensive approach that includes thorough assessment, diagnostic testing, and a variety of management strategies.
Assessment:

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Updated: May 31, 2026

Reprogramming Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma to Pluripotency

Reprogramming Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma to Pluripotency

Published on: February 2, 2024

Pancreatic cancer.

Hemant M Kocher¹, Wasfi Alrawashdeh

¹Department of Health National Clinician Scientist, London, UK.

BMJ Clinical Evidence

|July 7, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This systematic review evaluates surgical and adjuvant treatments for pancreatic cancer, including chemotherapy and surgical techniques. It assesses interventions for both resectable and non-resectable pancreatic cancer, providing evidence on effectiveness and safety.

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Last Updated: May 31, 2026

Reprogramming Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma to Pluripotency

Reprogramming Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma to Pluripotency

Published on: February 2, 2024

Area of Science:

Oncology
Surgical Gastroenterology
Evidence-Based Medicine

Background:

Pancreatic cancer is a leading cause of cancer mortality in high-income nations, with a poor 5-year survival rate.
Established risk factors include smoking, high alcohol consumption, and diet, with potential links to diabetes and pancreatitis.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically review the evidence on surgical treatments for resectable pancreatic cancer.
To evaluate interventions preventing pancreatic leaks after pancreaticoduodenectomy.
To assess adjuvant treatments for completely resected pancreatic cancer and interventions for non-resectable disease.

Main Methods:

Conducted a systematic literature review up to August 2009, searching major databases (Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library).
Included randomized controlled trials (RCTs), observational studies, and harms alerts from regulatory agencies (FDA, MHRA).
Performed a GRADE evaluation to assess the quality of evidence for various interventions.

Main Results:

Identified 46 relevant systematic reviews, RCTs, and observational studies.
Evaluated the effectiveness and safety of numerous interventions, including different chemotherapy regimens and surgical procedures.
Included an assessment of pancreatic leak prevention strategies and lymphadenectomy.

Conclusions:

The review synthesizes evidence on a wide range of pancreatic cancer interventions.
Information is presented on chemoradiotherapy, various chemotherapy regimens (fluorouracil-based, gemcitabine-based), surgical techniques (pancreaticoduodenectomy, lymphadenectomy), and supportive measures (pancreatic duct occlusion, fibrin glue).
Effectiveness and safety data are provided for both resectable and non-resectable pancreatic cancer treatment modalities.