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Related Concept Videos

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle01:28

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle

The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
Musculoskeletal disorders
Musculoskeletal disorders involve injuries and conditions affecting the skeletal muscles and associated connective tissues. These disorders can arise from acute biomechanical stresses or chronic overuse and can occur across different age groups. Common injuries include sprains, fractures, and muscular strains, often resulting from...
Alterations in Muscle Tone ll01:12

Alterations in Muscle Tone ll

Alterations in muscle tone are common manifestations of neurological disorders and reflect dysfunction within different nervous system regions. Spasticity, paratonia, and dystonia represent distinct forms of hypertonia, each with unique mechanisms, clinical features, and diagnostic importance.CharacteristicsSpasticity happens from upper motor neuron lesions and is characterized by velocity-dependent resistance to passive movement. Clinical features include:Exaggerated deep tendon reflexesClonus...
Skeletal Muscle Anatomy00:55

Skeletal Muscle Anatomy

Skeletal muscle is the most abundant type of muscle in the body. Tendons are the connective tissue that attaches skeletal muscle to bones. Skeletal muscles pull on tendons, which in turn pull on bones to carry out voluntary movements.
Connective Tissue Cell Types01:22

Connective Tissue Cell Types

Connective tissue develops from the mesoderm of a developing embryo and consists of cells, fibers, and ground substance: a gel-like material containing large complexes of carbohydrates and proteins. Connective tissue was first identified as a separate tissue family in the 18th century, and Johannes Peter Muller coined the term connective tissue.
Fat cells (adipocytes), smooth muscle cells (myoblasts), and bone cells (osteoblasts) are some connective tissue cell types. Some immune system cells...
Tetanus01:29

Tetanus

Tetanus is a life-threatening neurological disorder characterized by persistent muscle contractions and spastic paralysis. It is caused by Clostridium tetani, a motile, Gram-positive, rod-shaped, obligate anaerobe. These bacteria produce terminal endospores, giving them a distinctive “lollipop” or “tennis-racket” appearance. They thrive in anaerobic environments, such as those found in deep puncture wounds.Once introduced into the body, the spores germinate into vegetative cells. These cells...
Introduction to Connective Tissues01:11

Introduction to Connective Tissues

Connective tissues are one of the four main tissue types in humans that are extensively present in the body. They are characterized by cells embedded in an extracellular matrix (ECM) composed of a ground substance and three main types of protein fibers— collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers. The ground substance of connective tissues can range from a watery and jelly-like consistency to mineralized and hard. The wide variety of cells in the connective tissues include fibroblasts, osteocytes,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Biomechanical Testing of Murine Tendons
10:09

Biomechanical Testing of Murine Tendons

Published on: October 15, 2019

Musculoskeletal diseases--tendon.

Tomoya Sakabe1, Takao Sakai

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, ND20, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.

British Medical Bulletin
|July 7, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Understanding mechanical stimuli in tendon healing is key for treating injuries. Regenerative medicine, using cell-based therapies and tissue engineering, offers promising new directions for tendon repair.

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Orthopedic Research

Background:

  • Tendons connect muscles to bones, enabling movement, and their function is heavily influenced by mechanical stimuli.
  • Tendon injuries are a significant clinical challenge due to slow healing and incomplete functional recovery.
  • Current treatments cannot fully restore the structural integrity and mechanical strength of damaged tendons.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current state of tendon injury treatment.
  • To explore novel therapeutic strategies, focusing on cell-based therapy and regenerative medicine.
  • To understand how mechanical stimuli regulate tendon homeostasis and regeneration for improved clinical outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature search using PubMed.

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Engineering Tendon Assembloids to Probe Cellular Crosstalk in Disease and Repair
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Engineering Tendon Assembloids to Probe Cellular Crosstalk in Disease and Repair

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A Passive Ankle Dorsiflexion Testing System for an In Vivo Model of Overuse-induced Tendinopathy
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A Passive Ankle Dorsiflexion Testing System for an In Vivo Model of Overuse-induced Tendinopathy

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 31, 2026

Biomechanical Testing of Murine Tendons
10:09

Biomechanical Testing of Murine Tendons

Published on: October 15, 2019

Engineering Tendon Assembloids to Probe Cellular Crosstalk in Disease and Repair
08:32

Engineering Tendon Assembloids to Probe Cellular Crosstalk in Disease and Repair

Published on: March 22, 2024

A Passive Ankle Dorsiflexion Testing System for an In Vivo Model of Overuse-induced Tendinopathy
04:37

A Passive Ankle Dorsiflexion Testing System for an In Vivo Model of Overuse-induced Tendinopathy

Published on: March 1, 2024

  • Inclusion of original articles and review papers on tendon treatment.
  • Focus on cell-based therapy and regenerative medicine approaches.

    • Main Results:

    • Identification of specific tendon cell markers aids in studying tendon healing and homeostasis.
    • Tissue engineering for tendon injuries is an emerging field.
    • Key components for tissue engineering include cellular sources, scaffolds, growth factors, and gene delivery systems.

    Conclusions:

    • Advances in understanding tendon cell biology are crucial for improving healing and homeostasis.
    • Tissue engineering represents a promising frontier for treating tendon injuries.
    • Optimizing the clinical microenvironment with novel cellular and molecular scaffolds is critical for effective tendon regeneration.