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Related Concept Videos

Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration01:21

Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration

Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
Types of Stem Cells used in Stem Cell Therapy
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Bone Marrow Sampling and Transplants

Bone marrow transplant is a potential cure for several diseases, including cancer and specific genetic disorders. Notably, this procedure is applicable for patients suffering from aplastic anemia, certain types of leukemia, severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID), Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, thalassemia, sickle-cell disease, and certain cancers.
The transplant begins with high doses of chemotherapy and radiation treatment, which aim to destroy the...
Mesenchymal Stem Cells01:19

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their access...
Source And Potency Of Stem Cells01:27

Source And Potency Of Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with extensive self-renewal properties that help them maintain their population during the fetal and adult stages of life. They can specialize in all cell types of the human body. However, their differential potential may vary and can be classified into five types. Stem cells can be (1) Totipotent, (2) Pluripotent, (3) Multipotent, (4) Oligopotent, and (5) Unipotent. Each stem cell has a specific origin; the fertilized egg or zygote is a totipotent cell and...
Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:01

Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
Stem Cell Culture01:17

Stem Cell Culture

Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...

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Isolation of CD146+ Resident Lung Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Rat Lungs
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Published on: June 17, 2016

Bone marrow-derived stem cells and respiratory disease.

Carla P Jones1, Sara M Rankin1

  • 1Leukocyte Biology Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, England.

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Adult bone marrow harbors diverse progenitor cells, including endothelial, mesenchymal, and fibrocytes. These cells play distinct roles in diseases, offering potential for novel stem cell therapies in respiratory conditions like COPD and asthma.

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Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology
  • Regenerative medicine
  • Pulmonary disease research

Background:

  • Adult bone marrow contains distinct progenitor cell populations: endothelial, mesenchymal, epithelial, and fibrocytes.
  • These cells exhibit varied functions, including promoting angiogenesis, immunosuppression, tissue regeneration, and fibrosis.
  • Understanding their roles is crucial for disease pathogenesis and therapeutic development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of the basic biology of bone marrow progenitor cells.
  • To highlight their distinct phenotypes, functional activities, and secretomes.
  • To review their contribution to respiratory disease and potential as stem cell therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of basic progenitor cell biology.
  • Analysis of distinct phenotypes and functional activities.
  • Examination of secretomes and cellular differentiation versus paracrine effects.
  • Review of studies on progenitor cells in respiratory disease pathogenesis and therapy.

Main Results:

  • Endothelial progenitor cells promote angiogenesis.
  • Mesenchymal stem cells are immunosuppressive and aid tissue regeneration.
  • Fibrocytes are implicated in inducing tissue fibrosis.
  • Progenitor cells' secretomes and paracrine effects are key functional aspects.

Conclusions:

  • Bone marrow progenitor cells have diverse roles in disease pathogenesis.
  • Their distinct functions and secretomes offer therapeutic potential.
  • Stem cell therapies using these progenitors are being explored for pulmonary hypertension, COPD, and asthma.