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Related Concept Videos

Dose Response Curve: Conventional Versus Nonmonotonic01:21

Dose Response Curve: Conventional Versus Nonmonotonic

The correlation between a drug's dosage and its impact on a biological system is a cornerstone of pharmacology and toxicology. Conventional dose–response curves, which include graded and quantal relationships, are key to this understanding. Graded dose–response curves depict the spectrum of a biological reaction to different doses within an individual, indicating that as the drug dosage increases, so does the intensity of the response. On the other hand, quantal dose–response relationships...
Determination of Multiple Dosing Parameters: Steady-State, Minimum and Maximum Concentrations01:15

Determination of Multiple Dosing Parameters: Steady-State, Minimum and Maximum Concentrations

Gentamicin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, is commonly administered via intermittent intravenous infusion to treat severe infections. An intermittent one-hour infusion of gentamicin, administered at eight-hour intervals, allows for precise control of plasma drug concentrations, minimizing toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy. Pharmacokinetic principles govern the dynamics of plasma concentrations and can be mathematically described using specific equations.The plasma drug concentration...
Dose-Response Relationship: Overview01:03

Dose-Response Relationship: Overview

Agonists can bind with and activate receptors, resulting in the formation of drug-receptor complexes. Once formed, these complexes catalyze many biochemical processes at the cellular level and subsequently induce a pharmacologic response. The degree of response is directly proportional to the fraction of activated receptors, which in turn, depends on the concentration of the drug at the receptor site as well as the sensitivity of the receptor. An increase in the administered dose contributes to...
Determination of Multiple Dosing Parameters: Loading and Maintenance Doses01:25

Determination of Multiple Dosing Parameters: Loading and Maintenance Doses

A loading dose is an essential pharmacological strategy to rapidly achieve the target plasma drug concentration necessary for an immediate therapeutic effect. This approach is especially critical for drugs characterized by slow absorption or extended half-lives, where delaying therapeutic plasma levels could compromise treatment outcomes. By administering a loading dose, clinicians ensure a prompt onset of drug action, even for agents with complex pharmacokinetic profiles.Achieving steady-state...
Dose-Response Relationship: Selectivity and Specificity01:25

Dose-Response Relationship: Selectivity and Specificity

Drugs exert their therapeutic effects by interacting with receptors, enzymes, or ion channels that are present throughout the human body. The strength and duration of the interaction between a drug and its target receptor are characterized by the selectivity and specificity of the drug. Selectivity refers to a drug's strong preference for its intended target over other targets. For instance, isoprenaline, a non-selective β-adrenergic agonist, interacts with both β1- and β2-adrenergic receptors...
Dose Size and Dosing Frequency: Determination Methods01:21

Dose Size and Dosing Frequency: Determination Methods

Determining the optimal dose size and dosing frequency in pharmacotherapy is crucial for achieving therapeutic effectiveness while minimizing adverse effects. This article explores the methodologies employed in determining these parameters, focusing on their significance and interplay to tailor dosing regimens.Dose Size: Dose size refers to the amount of a drug administered in a single dose. It is determined based on the drug's pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics properties and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Expedited Radiation Biodosimetry by Automated Dicentric Chromosome Identification (ADCI) and Dose Estimation
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Published on: September 4, 2017

Dose evaluation from multiple detector outputs using convex optimisation.

Makoto Hashimoto1, Takeshi Iimoto, Toshiso Kosako

  • 1Radiation Dosimetry and Environmental Monitoring Section, Health and Safety Division, O-arai Research and Development Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 4002 Narita, O-arai, Ibaraki 311-1393, Japan. shuhashuha@gmail.com

Radiation Protection Dosimetry
|July 7, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Convex optimization improves radiation dose evaluation by matching detector responses to the actual energy spectrum. This method enhances neutron dose measurements, offering accuracy comparable to conventional equipment.

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Irradiator Commissioning and Dosimetry for Assessment of LQ α and β Parameters, Radiation Dosing Schema, and in vivo Dose Deposition

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Last Updated: May 31, 2026

Expedited Radiation Biodosimetry by Automated Dicentric Chromosome Identification (ADCI) and Dose Estimation
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A Basic Positron Emission Tomography System Constructed to Locate a Radioactive Source in a Bi-dimensional Space
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Irradiator Commissioning and Dosimetry for Assessment of LQ &alpha; and &beta; Parameters, Radiation Dosing Schema, and in vivo Dose Deposition
06:20

Irradiator Commissioning and Dosimetry for Assessment of LQ α and β Parameters, Radiation Dosing Schema, and in vivo Dose Deposition

Published on: March 11, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Medical Physics
  • Radiation Detection and Measurement
  • Computational Physics

Background:

  • Accurate radiation dose assessment is crucial for radiation protection and medical applications.
  • Conventional methods for evaluating neutron ambient dose equivalent and individual dose equivalent face limitations in precision and spectral flexibility.
  • The need for advanced computational techniques to improve the accuracy of radiation dosimetry is recognized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the application of convex optimization for improving radiation dose evaluation using multiple detectors.
  • To assess the effectiveness of convex optimization in neutron ambient dose equivalent evaluation with a mixed-gas proportional counter.
  • To explore the utility of convex optimization for neutron individual dose equivalent measurement using combinations of dosemeters.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized convex optimization algorithms for dose evaluation based on data from multiple radiation detectors.
  • Employed a mixed-gas proportional counter for neutron ambient dose equivalent measurements.
  • Investigated combinations of different dosemeters to assess their suitability for individual dose equivalent evaluation.

Main Results:

  • Convex optimization enabled flexible dose evaluation aligned with the actual radiation energy spectrum.
  • The neutron ambient dose equivalent derived using convex optimization showed a comparable range to the error of conventional equipment.
  • Combinations of dosemeters with orthogonal response characteristics demonstrated superior performance in individual dose equivalent evaluation compared to single dosemeters.

Conclusions:

  • Convex optimization is a viable method for enhancing the accuracy and flexibility of radiation dose evaluation.
  • The technique shows particular promise for neutron dosimetry, improving both ambient and individual dose equivalent measurements.
  • Optimized dosemeter combinations offer a pathway to more reliable personal dosimetry in radiation fields.