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Related Concept Videos

Reduction of Alkynes to trans-Alkenes: Sodium in Liquid Ammonia02:10

Reduction of Alkynes to trans-Alkenes: Sodium in Liquid Ammonia

Alkynes can be reduced to trans-alkenes using sodium or lithium in liquid ammonia. The reaction, known as dissolving metal reduction, proceeds with an anti addition of hydrogen across the carbon–carbon triple bond to form the trans product. Since ammonia exists as a gas (bp = −33°C) at room temperature, the reaction is carried out at low temperatures using a mixture of dry ice (sublimes at −78°C) and acetone.
When dissolved in liquid ammonia, an alkali metal, such as sodium, dissociates into a...
Radical Substitution: Hydrogenolysis of Alkyl Halides with Tributyltin Hydride01:26

Radical Substitution: Hydrogenolysis of Alkyl Halides with Tributyltin Hydride

Radical substitution reactions can be used to remove functional groups from molecules. The hydrogenolysis of alkyl halides is one such reaction, where the weak Sn–H bond in tributyltin hydride reacts with alkyl halides to form alkanes. Here, the reagent Bu3SnH yields tributyltin halide as a byproduct.
The bonds formed in this reaction are stronger than the bonds broken, making it energetically favorable. The reaction follows a radical chain mechanism similar to radical halogenation reactions,...
Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide02:44

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide

Alkenes are converted to 1,2-diols or glycols through a process called dihydroxylation. It involves the addition of two hydroxyl groups across the double bond with two different stereochemical approaches, namely anti and syn. Dihydroxylation using osmium tetroxide progresses with syn stereochemistry.
Preparation and Reactions of Thiols02:33

Preparation and Reactions of Thiols

Thiols are prepared using the hydrosulfide anion as a nucleophile in a nucleophilic substitution reaction with alkyl halides. For instance, bromobutane reacts with sodium hydrosulfide to give butanethiol.

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Updated: May 31, 2026

Plasma-assisted Molecular Beam Epitaxy of N-polar InAlN-barrier High-electron-mobility Transistors
10:31

Plasma-assisted Molecular Beam Epitaxy of N-polar InAlN-barrier High-electron-mobility Transistors

Published on: November 24, 2016

Room-temperature single-electron transistors using alkanedithiols.

Kang Luo1, Dong-Hun Chae, Zhen Yao

  • 1Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA. Center for Nano- and Molecular Science and Technology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA. Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.

Nanotechnology
|July 7, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers created single-electron transistors using molecular self-assembly. These devices enable room-temperature observation of single-electron tunneling and molecular vibrations at low temperatures.

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Last Updated: May 31, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Molecular Electronics
  • Condensed Matter Physics

Background:

  • Single-electron transistors (SETs) are crucial for quantum computing and ultrasensitive electrometers.
  • Fabricating SETs with controlled molecular junctions remains a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a reliable method for fabricating single-electron transistors using molecular self-assembly.
  • To investigate the electronic transport properties of these molecularly linked nanostructures.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of ultrasmall gold nanoparticles via spontaneous formation.
  • Assembly of alkanedithiol molecules bridging gold electrodes created by electromigration.
  • Characterization of electronic transport at room and low temperatures.

Main Results:

  • Reproducible observation of single-electron tunneling at room temperature.
  • Addition energies of a few hundred meV were measured.
  • At low temperatures, tunneling through discrete energy levels and excitation of molecular vibrations were observed.

Conclusions:

  • Alkanedithiol molecular self-assembly provides a viable route for fabricating functional single-electron transistors.
  • The devices exhibit unique quantum phenomena, including single-electron charging and molecular vibrational coupling.