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Neuroplasticity

Neuroplasticity

Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hebbian LTP
LTP can occur when presynaptic neurons...

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.

Neural Circuits

Neural Circuits

Neural circuits and neuronal pools are two of the main structures found in the nervous system. Neural circuits are networks of neurons that work together to carry out a specific task or process. They consist of interconnected neurons and glial cells, which provide structural and metabolic support.
Neuronal pools are collections of nerve cells with similar functions and interact through chemical and electrical signals. These pools include both interneurons (the central neural circuit nodes that...

Integration of Synaptic Events

Integration of Synaptic Events

Synaptic integration mainly includes the summation of graded potentials. Graded potentials, regardless of their type, cause subtle alterations in membrane voltage, resulting in either depolarization or hyperpolarization. These incremental changes, when combined or summed, can propel the neuron toward its threshold. Consider, for example, a membrane experiencing a +15 mV shift, causing it to depolarize from -70 mV to -55 mV. In this scenario, graded potentials govern the membrane's ability to...

Neuronal Communication

Neuronal Communication

Neurons, the fundamental units of the brain and nervous system, communicate through complex electrochemical signals that underpin all cognitive and bodily functions. This communication is primarily facilitated by a process involving the generation and propagation of an action potential along the axon of the neuron. When the internal electrical charge of a neuron surpasses a certain threshold, an action potential is triggered. This rapid change in voltage travels swiftly along the axon to the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Inducing Long-Term Plasticity of Intrinsic Neuronal Excitability in Neurons of the Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus

Inducing Long-Term Plasticity of Intrinsic Neuronal Excitability in Neurons of the Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus

Published on: September 20, 2024

Linking neuronal ensembles by associative synaptic plasticity.

Qi Yuan¹, Jeffry S Isaacson, Massimo Scanziani

¹Department of Neurobiology, Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America.

|July 9, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Neuronal ensembles in the brain change through associative synaptic plasticity, incorporating neurons from different groups. This process modifies ensemble composition, potentially forming associative memories.

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Inducing Long-Term Plasticity of Intrinsic Neuronal Excitability in Neurons of the Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus

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Published on: September 20, 2024

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Ex Vivo Optogenetic Interrogation of Long-Range Synaptic Transmission and Plasticity from Medial Prefrontal Cortex to Lateral Entorhinal Cortex

Ex Vivo Optogenetic Interrogation of Long-Range Synaptic Transmission and Plasticity from Medial Prefrontal Cortex to Lateral Entorhinal Cortex

Published on: February 25, 2022

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Synaptic Plasticity
Neural Ensembles

Background:

Synchronized neuronal activity in ensembles is crucial for brain information coding.
Mechanisms governing the generation and modification of neuronal ensembles remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate how neuronal ensembles are generated and modified.
To explore the role of associative synaptic plasticity in altering neuronal ensemble composition.

Main Methods:

Experiments conducted on rat hippocampal slices.
Utilized associative synaptic plasticity to observe changes in neuronal ensembles.

Main Results:

Associative synaptic plasticity allows neuronal ensembles to incorporate neurons from other ensembles.
This plasticity redistributes ensemble composition, increasing similarity between ensembles.
Neuronal ensembles in the hippocampus are dynamic and can be rapidly modified.

Conclusions:

The hippocampus exhibits fluid neuronal ensembles that can be persistently modified.
Linking of neuronal ensembles through plasticity may underlie associative memory formation.