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Related Concept Videos

Human Virome01:26

Human Virome

The human body harbors a vast and diverse viral community known as the human virome. The virome includes bacteriophages that infect bacteria, and eukaryotic viruses that infect human cells. Transient dietary and environmental viruses also contribute to this dynamic ecosystem. Estimates suggest the human body may contain on the order of 10¹³ viral particles, though abundance varies widely by body site and detection method.Comprehensive characterization of the virome has become possible only with...
Subviral Agents01:29

Subviral Agents

Subviral agents are infectious entities that resemble viruses but lack one or more viral components, such as a capsid or essential replication machinery. These agents include viroids, prions, and satellites, each possessing distinct structural and functional characteristics that influence their mode of infection and replication.Viroids are the simplest subviral agents, consisting of circular, single-stranded RNA molecules without a protein coat. They exclusively infect plants, relying entirely...
Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers01:51

Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers

Retroviruses are RNA viruses that have been shown to cause cancers in diverse species, including chickens, mice, cats, and monkeys. The RNA genomes of these viruses are first reverse-transcribed into single and then double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) copies. This dsDNA called proviral DNA then integrates into the host genome. Subsequently, the host cell transcribes the proviral DNA in concert with the chromosomal DNA. This leads to the production of viral RNA and proteins that assemble at the host...
Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers01:51

Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers

Retroviruses are RNA viruses that have been shown to cause cancers in diverse species, including chickens, mice, cats, and monkeys. The RNA genomes of these viruses are first reverse-transcribed into single and then double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) copies. This dsDNA called proviral DNA then integrates into the host genome. Subsequently, the host cell transcribes the proviral DNA in concert with the chromosomal DNA. This leads to the production of viral RNA and proteins that assemble at the host...
Antiviral Nucleoside Inhibitors01:22

Antiviral Nucleoside Inhibitors

Antiviral Nucleoside InhibitorsAntiviral nucleoside inhibitors are structural analogs of natural nucleosides that interfere with viral DNA or RNA synthesis. These compounds selectively target viral polymerases due to their resemblance to host nucleosides, thereby disrupting viral genome replication.Mechanism of Acyclovir ActionAcyclovir is a guanosine analog with a three-carbon acyclic side chain. It selectively targets herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2),...

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Related Experiment Video

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Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo
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Published on: January 7, 2019

Mining the adenovirus "virome" for systemic oncolytics.

Michael A Barry1, Eric A Weaver, Christopher Y Chen

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Translational Immunovirology Program, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, USA. mab@mayo.edu

Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
|July 12, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Adenoviruses are powerful tools for gene therapy and cancer treatment. This review explores alternative adenovirus serotypes beyond Ad5 to overcome existing immunity and enhance oncolytic efficacy.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Oncology
  • Gene Therapy

Background:

  • Adenoviruses (Ads) are highly effective viral vectors for in vivo gene therapy, vaccines, and oncolytic treatments.
  • Their ability to infect diverse cell types, stability, high purification yields, and self-assembly properties make them attractive.
  • Current clinical applications predominantly use Adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5), despite widespread pre-existing immunity in the human population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the potential of alternative Adenovirus serotypes for gene therapy and oncolytic applications.
  • To identify Adenovirus serotypes that can evade pre-existing Ad5 immunity.
  • To explore the utility of mining diverse Adenovirus serotypes for improved cancer-killing capabilities.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on Adenovirus biology and clinical applications.
  • Analysis of Adenovirus serotype diversity and immunological profiles.
  • Assessment of Adenovirus serotypes for oncolytic potential against various cancer types.

Main Results:

  • Pre-existing immunity to Ad5 limits its efficacy in a significant portion of the population.
  • There are 54 known human Adenovirus serotypes with varying characteristics.
  • Alternative Adenovirus serotypes offer potential to circumvent Ad5 immunity.

Conclusions:

  • Exploring alternative Adenovirus serotypes is crucial for advancing Ad-based gene therapy and oncolytic virotherapy.
  • Non-Ad5 serotypes may provide a means to overcome immunological barriers and broaden therapeutic applications.
  • Further research into mining these alternate serotypes could yield more effective cancer treatments.