HLA polymorphism in Sudanese renal donors

Area of Science:

• Immunogenetics
• Transplantation Science
• Population Genetics

Background:

• Renal transplantation requires understanding Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) compatibility for success.
• Limited data exists on HLA antigen and haplotype frequencies in Sudan, hindering local transplantation efforts.

Purpose of the Study:

• To create a foundational database for renal transplantation in Sudan.
• To determine Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) antigen and haplotype frequencies in the Sudanese population.

Main Methods:

• HLA typing was conducted on 250 healthy unrelated individuals using the complement-dependent lymphocytotoxicity test.
• Analysis included antigen frequencies (AFs) at HLA-A, -B, and -DR loci, and gene frequencies at the HLA-DQ locus.
• Haplotype frequencies (HFs) and linkage disequilibrium were assessed, including analysis across major tribal groups (Gaalia, Nile Nubian, Johyna).

Main Results:

• High polymorphism was observed across HLA loci, with specific frequent antigens identified (e.g., A2, B51, DR13, DQ1).
• Common HLA-A and -B haplotypes in linkage disequilibrium were identified, such as A24-B38, A1-B7, and A3-B52.
• Tribal analysis revealed distinct common haplotypes within Gaalia, Johyna, and Nile Nubian populations.

Conclusions:

• The study provides essential HLA data for the Sudanese Renal Transplantation Program.
• Significant genetic heterogeneity in HLA class I and II polymorphisms suggests recent admixture with Arab and African populations.
• This genetic landscape is critical for optimizing donor-recipient matching in Sudanese renal transplants.