Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 31, 2026
06:50
A High-Throughput Electrochemiluminescence 7-Plex Assay Simultaneously Screening for Type 1 Diabetes and Multiple Autoimmune Diseases
Published on: May 29, 2020
DIII Type 7 is likely the original serologically defined DIIIb.
Christine Lomas-Francis1, Christine Halter Hipsky, Randall W Velliquette
1Laboratory of Immunohematology, New York Blood Center, New York, New York 10065, USA.
Transfusion
|July 13, 2011
Summary
A rare DIII Type 7 partial D antigen, identified in a South African donor, likely represents the original DIIIb category. This finding aids in understanding RhD variant alleles and partial D phenotypes.
Area of Science:
- Immunogenetics
- Blood Group Serology
Background:
- The RHD and RHCE genes can undergo nucleotide exchange, creating variant alleles that result in partial D phenotypes.
- The DIII partial D category is complex, with existing subdivisions including DIIIa, DIIIb, DIIIc, DIII Type 4, DIII Type 6, and DIII Type 7.
Purpose of the Study:
- To characterize a second identified case of the DIII Type 7 partial D antigen.
- To investigate the serological and molecular basis of this variant and its relationship to the DIIIb category.
Main Methods:
- Standard hemagglutination testing was performed on red blood cells from the DIII Type 7 donor.
- DNA testing was conducted to analyze the RHD allele sequence.
Main Results:
- The DIII Type 7 donor exhibited a D+C-E-c+e+G- phenotype and DAK+.
- Red blood cells did not react with anti-D antibodies from individuals with the DIII phenotype.
- The identified allele was RHD*DIII 150C, 178C, 201A, 203A, 307C, 410T, 455C, 602G, 667G.
Conclusions:
- The identified DIII Type 7 allele in a black African donor is likely the originally defined DIIIb category.
- This finding contributes to the understanding of RhD partial phenotypes and their genetic underpinnings.
Related Concept Videos
01:26Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology
Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake of...
01:12Type I Diabetes I: Introduction
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by an absolute deficiency of insulin resulting from the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells. Although it can occur at any age, it is most commonly diagnosed in childhood, adolescence, or early adulthood. The loss of insulin production impairs cellular glucose uptake, resulting in persistent hyperglycemia and necessitating lifelong insulin therapy.Autoimmune Destruction of β-CellsThe hallmark of type 1 diabetes is an...
01:10Blood Typing
Understanding an individual's blood group is a critical component of transfusion medicine. It ensures compatibility in blood transfusions, organ transplants, and even during pregnancy. Determining these blood groups involves the ABO and Rh blood typing systems, utilizing specific antigens and corresponding anti-sera to identify an individual's blood type.
Antigens are protein molecules that reside on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs). The ABO and Rh blood typing systems target antigens A,...
Antigens are protein molecules that reside on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs). The ABO and Rh blood typing systems target antigens A,...
01:26Type II Diabetes I: Introduction
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...
01:22Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
01:19Type I Diabetes III: Clinical Manifestations
Type 1 diabetes mellitus typically presents with rapid-onset symptoms due to the body’s inability to utilize glucose in the absence of insulin. Since insulin is required for glucose uptake into cells, its deficiency leads to hyperglycemia and cellular energy deprivation, resulting in characteristic clinical features.Polyuria and PolydipsiaOne of the earliest, most prominent symptoms is polyuria (excessive urination). When blood glucose concentrations rise above the renal threshold, the kidneys...