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Related Concept Videos

Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The iodine is then...
Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

In vivo Characterization of Endocrine Disrupting Chemical Effects via Thyroid Hormone Action Indicator Mouse
04:14

In vivo Characterization of Endocrine Disrupting Chemical Effects via Thyroid Hormone Action Indicator Mouse

Published on: October 6, 2023

Impact of flavonoids on thyroid function.

Maria Carolina de Souza Dos Santos1, Carlos Frederico Lima Gonçalves, Mário Vaisman

  • 1Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris Rosenthal, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.

Food and Chemical Toxicology : an International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association
|July 13, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Flavonoids, found in plants and food, can disrupt thyroid hormone production and function. This review explores their impact on thyroid health, including potential risks like goiter and reduced radioiodine therapy efficacy.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 31, 2026

In vivo Characterization of Endocrine Disrupting Chemical Effects via Thyroid Hormone Action Indicator Mouse
04:14

In vivo Characterization of Endocrine Disrupting Chemical Effects via Thyroid Hormone Action Indicator Mouse

Published on: October 6, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Flavonoids are widely consumed plant-derived polyphenols with potential therapeutic uses.
  • Emerging evidence suggests flavonoids can interfere with thyroid hormone synthesis and metabolism.
  • Understanding these interactions is crucial for public health, given dietary flavonoid intake.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize existing literature on the effects of flavonoids on thyroid function.
  • To discuss the implications of these effects for human thyroid health.
  • To highlight potential risks and benefits associated with flavonoid consumption.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature search of in vivo and in vitro studies.
  • Analysis of experimental data on flavonoid impact on thyroperoxidase, deiodinase, and transthyretin.
  • Synthesis of findings regarding thyroid hormone levels, TSH, goiter, and radioiodine uptake.

Main Results:

  • Flavonoids can inhibit thyroperoxidase activity, leading to decreased thyroid hormones and increased TSH, potentially causing goiter.
  • Soy formula containing flavonoids has been linked to goiter in infants.
  • Flavonoids may reduce radioiodine uptake in thyroid tumor cells, impacting therapy efficacy, and affect hormone availability to tissues.

Conclusions:

  • Flavonoids exhibit multifaceted interference with thyroid hormone synthesis, metabolism, and availability.
  • While generally safe, certain flavonoid exposures may pose risks to thyroid function, particularly in vulnerable populations.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the precise mechanisms and clinical significance of flavonoid-thyroid interactions.