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The Tumor Microenvironment

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...

The Tumor Microenvironment

The Tumor Microenvironment

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Metastasis

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Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...

Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Glandular Epithelium

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The glandular epithelium is made of one or more epithelial cells modified to synthesize and secrete chemical substances. Glandular epithelia can be classified based on cell number. Unicellular glands have individual secretory cells scattered across the epithelial monolayer. In contrast, multicellular glands consist of a hollow tubular duct attached to the cluster of secretory cells located in the deep pockets.
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Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Overview

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Updated: May 31, 2026

Tissue Engineering of Tumor Stromal Microenvironment with Application to Cancer Cell Invasion

Tissue Engineering of Tumor Stromal Microenvironment with Application to Cancer Cell Invasion

Published on: March 18, 2014

Epithelial tumor, invasion and stroma.

Masutaka Furue¹

¹Department of Dermatology and Research and Clinical Center for Yusho and Dioxin, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.

Annals of Dermatology

|July 13, 2011

Summary

Cancer cells require stromal support for invasion and metastasis. The tumor microenvironment, including inflammation, is crucial for cancer progression, especially in skin tumors. This review covers epithelial tumorigenesis, invasion, and stromal reactions.

Area of Science:

Oncology
Carcinogenesis
Dermatology

Background:

Uncontrolled cell proliferation defines malignancy.
Tumor stroma and inflammation are essential for cancer invasion, progression, and metastasis.
Skin tumors offer a model for studying carcinogenesis due to accessibility and varied stages.

Purpose of the Study:

To review fundamental aspects of epithelial tumorigenesis.
To explore the role of stromal interactions in cancer progression.
To discuss the significance of the inflammatory microenvironment in carcinogenesis.

Main Methods:

Literature review of epithelial tumorigenesis.
Analysis of stromal contributions to cancer invasion.
Examination of inflammation's role in tumor progression.

Keywords:

Fibroblast Invasion Stroma Tumor

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Main Results:

Stromal support is critical for cancer cell invasion and metastasis.
An inflammatory microenvironment is integral to tumor progression.
Skin tumors serve as valuable models for carcinogenesis research.

Conclusions:

Understanding epithelial tumorigenesis, invasion, and stromal reactions is key to advancing cancer research.
The interplay between cancer cells, stroma, and inflammation drives tumor progression.
Further research on skin tumors can elucidate fundamental mechanisms of carcinogenesis.