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Related Concept Videos

Morphogenesis02:19

Morphogenesis

Plant morphogenesis—the development of a plant’s form and structure—involves several overlapping developmental processes, including growth and cell differentiation. Precursor cells differentiate into specific cell types, which are organized into the tissues and organ systems that make up the functional plant.
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Gastrulation

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Cell migration, the process by which cells move from one location to another, is essential for the proper development and viability of organisms throughout their life. When cells are not able to migrate properly to their ordained locations, various disorders may occur. For example, disruption in cell migration causes chronic inflammatory diseases such as arthritis.
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Cell Migration

Cell migration is a process by which the cells move from one location to another, playing an essential role in embryological development, repair and regeneration, immune response, and metastasis. Cells migrate in response to chemical or mechanical signals generated by specific organs or tissues. The overall mechanism includes three steps - polarization, protrusion, and release. Polarization involves the formation of a distinct cell front and rear, which determines the direction of movement.
Mechanism of Lamellipodia Formation01:31

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During embryogenesis, cells become progressively committed to different fates through a two-step process: specification followed by determination. Specification is demonstrated by removing a segment of an early embryo, “neutrally” culturing the tissue in vitro—for example, in a petri dish with simple medium—and then observing the derivatives. If the cultured region gives rise to cell types that it would normally generate in the embryo, this means that it is specified. In contrast, determination...

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Tracking Morphogenetic Tissue Deformations in the Early Chick Embryo
08:19

Tracking Morphogenetic Tissue Deformations in the Early Chick Embryo

Published on: October 17, 2011

Pattern formation by a moving morphogen source.

Jeremiah J Zartman1, Lily S Cheung, Matthew G Niepielko

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Carl Icahn Laboratory, Washington Road, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. jzartman@nd.edu

Physical Biology
|July 14, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Two phases of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling shape the spatial pattern of broad gene expression during Drosophila oogenesis. This model explains dorsal appendage formation and aids in understanding gene expression diversification.

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Optogenetic Signaling Activation in Zebrafish Embryos
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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Drosophila oogenesis involves follicular epithelium forming an eggshell with dorsal appendages for respiration.
  • The zinc-finger transcription factor 'broad' is crucial for dorsal appendage morphogenesis, regulated by the EGFR pathway.
  • The precise mechanisms governing the spatial pattern of 'broad' expression remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the regulatory mechanisms defining the spatial pattern of 'broad' gene expression during Drosophila oogenesis.
  • To propose a model explaining how EGFR signaling gradients establish the boundaries of 'broad' expression.
  • To provide a framework for analyzing gene expression patterns in Drosophila oogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Computational modeling of EGFR signaling pathways.
  • Analysis of gene expression patterns in wild-type and genetically perturbed Drosophila.
  • Integration of signaling gradients to predict transcription factor localization.

Main Results:

  • A two-phase EGFR activation model successfully predicts the wild-type 'broad' expression pattern.
  • An early posterior-to-anterior EGFR gradient defines the posterior boundary of 'broad' expression.
  • A later, dorsoventral EGFR gradient establishes the anterior boundary of 'broad' expression.

Conclusions:

  • The spatial pattern of 'broad' expression is determined by distinct temporal and spatial phases of EGFR signaling.
  • This model offers insights into the evolution of eggshell patterning mechanisms.
  • The proposed model serves as a foundation for quantitative analysis of gene expression in Drosophila oogenesis.