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Related Concept Videos

Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones01:17

Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones

In the presence of oxidizing agents, phenols are oxidized to quinones. Quinones can be easily reduced back to phenols using mild reducing agents. The electron-donating hydroxyl group enhances the reactivity of the aromatic ring, enabling oxidation of the ring even in the absence of an α hydrogen.
o-hydroxy phenols are oxidized to o-quinones and p-hydroxy phenols to p-quinones. Such redox reactions involve the transfer of two electrons and two protons. The reversible redox property is crucial in...
Structure and Nomenclature of Alcohols and Phenols02:23

Structure and Nomenclature of Alcohols and Phenols

Overview
Alcohols are one of the most important functional groups in organic chemistry. The name of alcohol comes from the hydrocarbon from which it is derived. Alcohols are organic molecules containing the functional hydroxyl or –OH group directly bonded to carbon. Phenols have an OH group directly attached to a benzene ring. While alcohols are colorless, phenol is a white crystalline compound with a characteristic "hospital smell" odor.
As with other organic compounds, alcohols and phenols...
Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:10

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

Chain-growth or addition polymerization is successive addition reactions of monomers with a polymer chain. In radical chain-growth polymerization, the reaction proceeds via a free-radical intermediate. The free radical is formed from radical initiators, which spontaneously generate free radicals by homolytic fission. Organic peroxides (such as dibenzoyl peroxide, as shown in Figure 1) or azo compounds are popular radical initiators. A low concentration ratio of radical initiator to monomer is...
Acidity and Basicity of Alcohols and Phenols02:36

Acidity and Basicity of Alcohols and Phenols

Like water, alcohols are weak acids and bases. This is attributed to the polarization of the O–H bond making the hydrogen partially positive. Moreover, the electron pairs on the oxygen atom of alcohol make it both basic and nucleophilic. Protonation of an alcohol converts hydroxide, a poor leaving group, into water—a good one. The two acid–base equilibria corresponding to ethanol are depicted below.
Hydrolysis of Chlorobenzene to Phenol: Dow Process01:10

Hydrolysis of Chlorobenzene to Phenol: Dow Process

Simple aryl halides do not react with nucleophiles under normal conditions. However, the reaction can proceed under drastic conditions involving high temperatures and high pressure to give the substituted products. For example, chlorobenzene is converted to phenol using aqueous sodium hydroxide at 350 °C under high pressure by the Dow process. The reaction follows an elimination-addition mechanism involving a benzyne intermediate. Here, the chloride ion is eliminated to generate the benzyne...
Preparation of Diols and Pinacol Rearrangement01:57

Preparation of Diols and Pinacol Rearrangement

Compounds bearing two hydroxyl groups are known as diols. When the hydroxyl groups are located on adjacent carbon atoms, the diols are called vicinal diols or glycols. Under acidic conditions, vicinal diols undergo a specific reaction called pinacol rearrangement.
The reaction begins with transferring a proton from the acid catalyst to one of the hydroxyl groups, producing an oxonium ion.

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Green Synthesis of Quinoline-Based Ionic Liquid
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Green Synthesis of Quinoline-Based Ionic Liquid

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5,7-Dibromo-2-methyl-quinolin-8-ol.

Nicole Schmidt1, Anke Schwarzer, Edwin Weber

  • 1Institut für Organische Chemie, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Strasse 29, D-09596 Freiberg/Sachsen, Germany.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
|July 15, 2011
PubMed
Summary

This study details the crystal structure of a novel dibrominated compound, C(10)H(7)Br(2)NO. The molecule exhibits a planar geometry and features significant intermolecular interactions, including hydrogen bonding and bromine-bromine contacts.

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Facile Preparation of 4-Substituted Quinazoline Derivatives
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Green Synthesis of Quinoline-Based Ionic Liquid
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Published on: September 27, 2024

Facile Preparation of 4-Substituted Quinazoline Derivatives
11:51

Facile Preparation of 4-Substituted Quinazoline Derivatives

Published on: February 15, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Crystallography and Molecular Structure
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Supramolecular Chemistry

Background:

  • Understanding the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in organic molecules is crucial for predicting their properties and reactivity.
  • Intermolecular interactions, such as hydrogen bonding and halogen bonding, play a significant role in crystal packing and material properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the crystal structure of the title compound, C(10)H(7)Br(2)NO.
  • To identify and analyze the intermolecular interactions present in the crystal lattice.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the molecular and crystal structure.
  • Analysis of the crystal structure included identification of hydrogen bonds and halogen bonds (Br⋯Br contacts).

Main Results:

  • The title compound, C(10)H(7)Br(2)NO, was found to possess a planar molecular geometry with a low root-mean-square deviation for non-hydrogen atoms (0.0383 Å).
  • The crystal structure is stabilized by a network of O-H⋯N and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.
  • Distinct Br⋯Br contacts with a distance of 3.6284(4) Å were observed, indicating significant intermolecular bromine interactions.

Conclusions:

  • The planar geometry and observed intermolecular interactions dictate the crystal packing of C(10)H(7)Br(2)NO.
  • The presence of both hydrogen bonding and Br⋯Br contacts suggests potential for diverse supramolecular assembly and applications.