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Related Concept Videos

Phase II Reactions: Methylation Reactions01:17

Phase II Reactions: Methylation Reactions

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Methylation is a phase II biotransformation process involving the attachment of a methyl group to a substrate. Enzymes known as methyltransferases orchestrate this reaction.
The mechanism of methylation unfolds in two stages. The first stage sees a methyltransferase enzyme facilitating the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to the substrate, forming S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH). The second stage involves further metabolism of SAH into homocysteine, which can be recycled...
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Multiple Halogenation of Methyl Ketones: Haloform Reaction01:28

Multiple Halogenation of Methyl Ketones: Haloform Reaction

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A method involving the transformation of methyl ketones to carboxylic acids using excess base and halogen is called the haloform reaction. It begins with the deprotonation of α hydrogen to form an enolate ion which reacts with the electrophilic halogen to give an α-halo ketone. The step continues until all the α protons are substituted to form a trihalomethyl ketone. The resulting molecule is unstable, and in the presence of a hydroxide base, it readily undergoes nucleophilic...
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Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
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Mismatch Repair01:36

Mismatch Repair

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Overview
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Euchromatin01:01

Euchromatin

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The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions take up more dye, appearing darker, while the less-compact areas take up less dye and appear lighter. Based on the compaction level, chromatins are classified into two primary forms – euchromatin and heterochromatin.
Euchromatin is the less dense region of the chromatin and stains lighter. Euchromatin contains histone H3 extensively...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Sulfate Separation by Selective Crystallization with a Bis-iminoguanidinium Ligand
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Published on: September 8, 2016

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Methyl 3,4-bis-(cyclo-propyl-meth-oxy)benzoate.

Xian-Chao Cheng, Jing-Jing Hou, Cheng-Zhi Xie

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |July 15, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary

    An unintended byproduct, C(16)H(20)O(4), was discovered during chemical synthesis. This organic compound features intermolecular C-H⋯O interactions in its crystal structure.

    Area of Science:

    • Organic Chemistry
    • Crystallography

    Background:

    • Synthesis of benzoate esters is crucial in organic chemistry.
    • Unintended byproducts can offer novel insights into reaction mechanisms.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To report the unintentional synthesis and characterization of a novel organic compound.
    • To investigate the intermolecular interactions within the crystal structure of the byproduct.

    Main Methods:

    • Attempted synthesis of methyl 3-(cyclo-propyl-meth-oxy)-4-hydroxy-benzoate.
    • Isolation and purification of the byproduct C(16)H(20)O(4).
    • X-ray crystallography to determine molecular and crystal structure.

    Main Results:

    • The title compound, C(16)H(20)O(4), was obtained as an unintended byproduct.

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    Solid Phase Synthesis of a Functionalized Bis-Peptide Using "Safety Catch" Methodology
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  • Crystal structure analysis revealed the presence of intermolecular C-H⋯O interactions linking the molecules.

    • Conclusions:

    • The study reports the serendipitous discovery of a new organic compound.
    • The identified intermolecular interactions provide valuable data for understanding crystal packing and supramolecular chemistry.