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Updated: May 31, 2026
09:45
Modification and Functionalization of the Guanidine Group by Tailor-made Precursors
Published on: April 27, 2017
N-(4-Methyl-phen-yl)-N'-phenyl-butane-diamide monohydrate
Summary
This study details the crystal structure of a hydrate, C(17)H(18)N(2)O(2)·H(2)O. It reveals specific dihedral angles between aromatic rings and molecular packing via hydrogen bonds, offering insights into crystal lattice formation.
Area of Science:
- Crystallography
- Chemical Physics
- Materials Science
Background:
- Understanding molecular interactions and crystal packing is crucial for materials science.
- The specific compound C(17)H(18)N(2)O(2)·H(2)O's structural properties are not widely documented.
- Hydrogen bonding plays a significant role in dictating crystal lattice structures.
Purpose of the Study:
- To elucidate the three-dimensional crystal structure of the title hydrate.
- To quantify the dihedral angles between aromatic and aliphatic fragments.
- To characterize the hydrogen bonding network and packing arrangement within the crystal.
Main Methods:
- Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the molecular and crystal structure.
- Analysis of bond lengths, bond angles, and dihedral angles was performed.
- Hydrogen bond analysis was conducted to identify donor and acceptor atoms and distances.
Main Results:
- The crystal structure of C(17)H(18)N(2)O(2)·H(2)O was successfully determined.
- Dihedral angles between aromatic rings and attached fragments were measured as 12.6(4)° and 23.3(3)°.
- The water molecule participates in four hydrogen bonds, forming layers parallel to the (101) plane via O-H⋯O and N-H⋯O interactions.
Conclusions:
- The study provides a detailed structural description of the title hydrate.
- The observed dihedral angles indicate specific conformational preferences within the molecule.
- The hydrogen bonding network and layered packing are key features governing the solid-state structure.
Related Concept Videos
01:17Nomenclature of Primary Amines
Primary, secondary, and tertiary amines are compounds consisting of one, two, and three alkyl groups connected to the amino group (–NH2), respectively. As depicted in Figure 1, the common name of the primary amines is obtained by adding the suffix -amine to the alkyl substituent attached to the amino group as the corresponding alkylamine.
01:11Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Amides and Nitriles
Naming Amides
The IUPAC and common names of amides are derived from the parent carboxylic acid, by replacing the suffix “oic acid” and “ic acid,” respectively, with “amide.” In the following example, the IUPAC name ethanamide is derived from ethanoic acid, and the common name, acetamide, is obtained from acetic acid.
The IUPAC and common names of amides are derived from the parent carboxylic acid, by replacing the suffix “oic acid” and “ic acid,” respectively, with “amide.” In the following example, the IUPAC name ethanamide is derived from ethanoic acid, and the common name, acetamide, is obtained from acetic acid.
01:00Characteristics and Nomenclature of Homopolymers
Polymers that are made up of identical monomer units are called homopolymers. Only one repeating unit is involved in the construction of the homopolymer structure. For example, as depicted in Figure 1, polypropylene is a homopolymer constituted of propylene monomers. Here, the only repeating unit in the polymer chain is propylene.
01:29Preparation of Amides
Amides are synthesized by treating carboxylic acids with amines in the presence of dehydrating agents like dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC).
The DCC-promoted synthesis of amides begins with the protonation of DCC by carboxylic acid. The protonation makes it a better acceptor. Next, the addition of carboxylate to the protonated carbodiimide gives a reactive acylating agent.
Subsequently, the amine acts as a nucleophile that attacks the acylating agent to form a tetrahedral intermediate. In the...
The DCC-promoted synthesis of amides begins with the protonation of DCC by carboxylic acid. The protonation makes it a better acceptor. Next, the addition of carboxylate to the protonated carbodiimide gives a reactive acylating agent.
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