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Knee Joint

Knee Joint

The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris group...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

Establishment and Evaluation of a Sheep Model of Full-thickness Osteochondral Defect

Establishment and Evaluation of a Sheep Model of Full-thickness Osteochondral Defect

Published on: April 14, 2026

The knee meniscus: structure-function, pathophysiology, current repair techniques, and prospects for regeneration.

Eleftherios A Makris¹, Pasha Hadidi, Kyriacos A Athanasiou

¹Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.

|July 19, 2011

Summary

Meniscus tissue engineering offers promising solutions for knee joint repair, overcoming limitations of current treatments for osteoarthritis. Advances in biomaterials and cell sourcing are paving the way for effective meniscus regeneration.

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Treatment of Osteochondral Defects in the Rabbit's Knee Joint by Implantation of Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Fibrin Clots

Treatment of Osteochondral Defects in the Rabbit's Knee Joint by Implantation of Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Fibrin Clots

Published on: May 21, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 31, 2026

Establishment and Evaluation of a Sheep Model of Full-thickness Osteochondral Defect

Establishment and Evaluation of a Sheep Model of Full-thickness Osteochondral Defect

Published on: April 14, 2026

Treatment of Osteochondral Defects in the Rabbit's Knee Joint by Implantation of Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Fibrin Clots

Treatment of Osteochondral Defects in the Rabbit's Knee Joint by Implantation of Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Fibrin Clots

Published on: May 21, 2013

Area of Science:

Orthopedics and Bioengineering
Biomaterials Science
Regenerative Medicine

Background:

The meniscus is crucial for knee joint health, preventing cartilage degeneration and osteoarthritis.
Current meniscus repair techniques are limited to peripheral vascularized regions.
Partial meniscectomy, a common treatment, often leads to osteoarthritis development.

Purpose of the Study:

To review advancements in meniscus tissue engineering for repairing knee joint lesions.
To explore novel strategies addressing challenges in avascular meniscus regeneration.
To highlight the role of biomaterials, cell sources, and stimuli in meniscus repair.

Main Methods:

Review of current scientific literature on meniscus tissue engineering.
Analysis of various cell sources (autologous, allogeneic, stem cells) for tissue generation.
Evaluation of scaffold-based and scaffoldless approaches, including biomaterials and stimuli.

Main Results:

In vitro meniscus constructs show potential for functional and anatomical restoration.
Scaffold limitations drive research towards scaffoldless and self-assembly methods.
Chemical and mechanical stimuli are investigated for enhanced tissue formation and cell differentiation.

Conclusions:

Meniscus tissue engineering is a rapidly advancing field with significant potential for treating knee injuries.
Overcoming challenges in avascular regeneration is key to successful clinical translation.
Interdisciplinary collaboration in biology, engineering, and medicine is crucial for future breakthroughs.