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Updated: May 31, 2026

Psychophysiological Assessment of the Effectiveness of Emotion Regulation Strategies in Childhood
08:09

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Published on: February 11, 2017

Emotional context, maternal behavior and emotion regulation.

Lisa Roque1, Manuela Veríssimo

  • 1UIPCDE, Unidade de Investigação em Psicologia Cognitiva, do Desenvolvimento e da Educação, ISPA-Instituto Universitário, Rua Jardim do Tabaco, 34, 1149-041 Lisboa, Portugal.

Infant Behavior & Development
|July 19, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Toddlers

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Child Psychology
  • Emotion Regulation Studies

Background:

  • Understanding toddler emotion regulation is crucial for healthy development.
  • Maternal behaviors significantly influence children's emotional experiences.
  • Contextual factors shape emotional expression and regulation strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine how emotion-eliciting contexts and maternal behaviors affect toddlers' emotion regulation.
  • To analyze the impact on behavioral strategies, emotional expressiveness, and intensity.
  • To investigate these effects across fear, frustration/anger, and positive affect episodes.

Main Methods:

  • Study involved 55 toddlers (18-26 months) and their mothers.
  • Observed children's emotion regulation during elicited fear, frustration/anger, and positive affect episodes.

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  • Assessed toddlers' regulatory strategies, emotional expressiveness, and intensity in relation to maternal involvement (constrained vs. involved).

    • Main Results:

    • Toddlers used more regulatory strategies in positive affect and frustration/anger contexts than in fear contexts.
    • Emotional expression (both positive and negative) was higher during fear and frustration/anger episodes.
    • Emotional intensity was linked to the interaction between context and maternal involvement, not maternal involvement alone.

    Conclusions:

    • Emotion-eliciting context and maternal involvement are key factors in toddler emotion regulation.
    • Specific contexts and maternal behaviors differentially impact regulatory strategies and emotional expression.
    • The interplay between context and maternal involvement is critical for understanding emotional intensity in toddlers.