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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause

Published on: August 13, 2019

Estrogen action and prostate cancer.

Jason L Nelles¹, Wen-Yang Hu, Gail S Prins

¹Department of Urology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 820 South Wood Street, MC 955, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.

Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism

|July 19, 2011

Summary

Estrogens, not just androgens, are increasingly linked to prostate cancer development. This review explores evidence and mechanisms, including epigenetic changes and estrogen receptor roles, in prostate cancer progression.

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A Bioluminescent and Fluorescent Orthotopic Syngeneic Murine Model of Androgen-dependent and Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer

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Published on: March 6, 2018

Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Oncology
Molecular Biology

Background:

Historically, androgen deprivation therapy has been the cornerstone of prostate cancer treatment.
Emerging research suggests estrogens also play a significant role in prostate cancer etiology and progression.

Purpose of the Study:

To review epidemiological, laboratory, and clinical evidence linking estrogens to human prostate cancer.
To explore potential mechanisms of estrogen action in prostate cancer.
To discuss the roles of different estrogen receptors (ERs) in prostate disease.

Main Methods:

Review of epidemiological studies.
Analysis of laboratory and clinical evidence.
Examination of in vivo models (rodent and grafted).
Literature review on molecular mechanisms and estrogen receptor functions.

Main Results:

Estrogens are implicated as potential causative agents in prostate cancer development and progression.
Mechanisms include epigenetic modifications, genotoxicity, hyperprolactinemia, inflammation, and receptor-mediated actions.
Distinct roles for estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), estrogen receptor beta (ERβ), and G-protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30) in prostate disease are being elucidated.

Conclusions:

Estrogen's role in prostate cancer warrants further investigation.
Future research should focus on epigenetic changes, hormonal dysregulation in developing prostate tissue, and specific estrogen receptor signaling pathways.
Understanding these pathways may reveal novel therapeutic targets for prostate cancer.