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Published on: April 28, 2016
Gluconeogenesis and protein-induced satiety
Margriet A B Veldhorst1, Klaas R Westerterp, Margriet S Westerterp-Plantenga
1Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
The British Journal of Nutrition
|July 20, 2011
Summary
A high-protein diet increased gluconeogenesis (GNG) and suppressed appetite in healthy subjects. However, the study found no direct link between increased GNG and reduced appetite, suggesting other factors like beta-hydroxybutyrate may be involved.
Area of Science:
- Metabolism and Endocrinology
- Human Nutrition
- Physiology
Background:
- Gluconeogenesis (GNG) is implicated in protein-induced satiety and glucose homeostasis.
- Understanding the relationship between GNG, diet composition, and appetite is crucial for metabolic health.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate GNG and appetite responses in healthy individuals following high-protein versus normal-protein diets.
- To determine if GNG contributes to the satiety effects of high-protein diets.
Main Methods:
- Randomized cross-over design with 22 healthy subjects consuming isoenergetic high-protein (30/0/70%) or normal-protein (12/55/33%) diets for 1.5 days.
- Appetite assessed via visual analogue scales (VAS).
- Endogenous glucose production and GNG measured using stable isotope tracers ([6,6-²H₂]glucose and ²H₂O); fasting glucose and β-hydroxybutyrate measured.
Main Results:
- High-protein diet significantly increased GNG (148 vs. 133 g/24 h) and suppressed appetite (hunger, fullness, desire to eat) compared to the normal-protein diet.
- No correlation was observed between GNG rates and appetite ratings.
- Lower glucose (4.09 vs. 4.89 mmol/l) and higher β-hydroxybutyrate (1349 vs. 234 μmol/l) concentrations were noted after the high-protein diet.
Conclusions:
- A high-protein diet elevates GNG and reduces appetite in healthy individuals, but these effects appear independent.
- Increased β-hydroxybutyrate concentration may play a role in appetite suppression observed with high-protein diets.
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