Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 30, 2026
Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Orbital Fractures
Published on: May 16, 2025
Secondary reconstruction of posttraumatic enophthalmos: prefabricated implants vs titanium mesh
Emeka Nkenke1, Eleftherios Vairaktaris, Martin Spitzer
1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erlangen University Hospital, Glueckstrasse 11, Erlangen, Germany. emeka.nkenke@uk-erlangen.de
Objective:
To compare individually prefabricated computer-assisted designed/computer-assisted manufactured (CAD/CAM) glass-bioceramic implants with nonpreformed titanium meshes for orbital floor reconstruction in secondary correction of enophthalmos.
Methods:
In a nonrandomized, comparative, prospective cohort study, 2 groups of 10 patients received secondary correction of enophthalmos with CAD/CAM implants in one group and titanium meshes in the other. Relative enophthalmometry and exophthalmometry data were assessed preoperatively, at the end of the operation, at day 90 postoperatively, and at day 365 postoperatively.
Results:
In both groups, the globe position improved significantly at the end of the operation (P = .005 in both groups). At day 90, there was a significant tendency toward relapse of enophthalmos in both groups (P = .005 in the CAD/CAM group and P = .008 in the titanium mesh group). However, the globe position did not change significantly between postoperative days 90 and 365 in both groups (P = .57 in the CAD/CAM group and P = .35 in the titanium mesh group).
Conclusions:
Individually prefabricated CAD/CAM glass-bioceramic implants and nonpreformed titanium meshes produce similar results in secondary enophthalmos correction. Because of higher costs, the use of CAD/CAM implants should be confined to selected cases in secondary enophthalmos correction.
