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Related Concept Videos

Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
Seizures l: Introduction01:20

Seizures l: Introduction

Understanding seizures and epilepsy relies on key definitions that help in recognizing, classifying, and managing these disorders. These definitions provide a framework for recognizing, classifying, and managing seizure disorders.DefinitionsA seizure is a sudden, abnormal burst of electrical activity in the brain that can cause changes in awareness, movement, sensation, or behavior, depending on the area involved. Epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures,...
Amnesia01:13

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Retrograde amnesia is marked by the loss of memories formed before the onset of the condition. Patients may recall distant past events but often forget those occurring shortly before the incident.
Anterograde...
Concepts and Prototypes01:24

Concepts and Prototypes

The human nervous system handles vast amounts of information by translating sensory stimuli into neural impulses, which the brain processes, creating thoughts expressed through language or stored as memories. The brain also synthesizes information from emotions and memories, which significantly influence thoughts and behaviors. This intricate process creates a comprehensive mental picture.
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Dissociative Amnesia01:21

Dissociative Amnesia

Dissociative amnesia is a complex psychological condition that manifests as an inability to recall personal information, often tied to traumatic or stressful events. Unlike general amnesia, individuals with this condition retain the ability to perform routine activities and procedural tasks, such as operating a phone or navigating public transportation, yet experience profound gaps in autobiographical memory. These lapses may encompass significant life events, such as suicide attempts or...
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Dissociative Disorders

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Dissociative Fugue
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Abbiategrasso Brain Bank Protocol for Collecting, Processing and Characterizing Aging Brains
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Confabulations (I): concept, classification and neuropathology.

Esther Lorente-Rovira1, German Berrios, Peter McKenna

  • 1U.S.M. Malvarrosa, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, AVS, CIBERSAM, Spain. esterlorente@hotmail.com

Actas Espanolas De Psiquiatria
|July 20, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Confabulations are false memories stemming from retrieval issues, often linked to prefrontal cortex damage. Executive and memory dysfunctions are key underlying mechanisms, though their specifics remain unclear.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Confabulation is defined as false memories arising from retrieval problems, with patients unaware of their confabulation.
  • Various types of confabulations exist, occurring in diverse neurological conditions, leading to debate on their pathophysiology.
  • Understanding confabulation is crucial for diagnosing and managing neurological disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an updated review in Spanish on the definitions, types, and associated brain regions of confabulations.
  • To explore the neuropsychological correlates of confabulation.
  • To clarify the complex phenomenon of confabulation in neurological conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of the concept and types of confabulation.
  • Description of brain regions associated with confabulation in Korsakoff syndrome and anterior communicating artery aneurysm.
  • Review of neuropsychological correlates.

Main Results:

  • Confabulations are complex and difficult to define.
  • Spontaneous versus provoked confabulations represent a common classification, though its validity is debated.
  • Lesions in prefrontal cortex, particularly ventromedial and orbitofrontal areas, are implicated.

Conclusions:

  • Prefrontal cortex lesions are necessary for confabulation.
  • Executive dysfunction and memory impairment are likely underlying mechanisms.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand the specific characteristics of these neuropsychological dysfunctions.