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Related Concept Videos

Self-Report Tests of Personality01:22

Self-Report Tests of Personality

Self-report inventories are objective personality assessments that use multiple-choice items or numbered scales, typically ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). They are often called Likert scales after Rensis Likert. These inventories are widely used due to their ease of administration and cost-effectiveness. One of the most prominent examples is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), initially developed in the 1940s to assess abnormal personality traits.
Reliability and Validity01:29

Reliability and Validity

Reliability and validity are two important considerations that must be made with any type of data collection. Reliability refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. In the context of psychological research, this would mean that any instruments or tools used to collect data do so in consistent, reproducible ways.
Five-Factor Theory of Personality01:29

Five-Factor Theory of Personality

The five-factor model, often called the Big Five personality traits, is widely accepted in psychology as a comprehensive framework for understanding personality. These five traits — Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism — are often remembered using the acronym OCEAN.
Openness reflects creativity, curiosity, and openness to new experiences. Individuals scoring high in openness are imaginative, have a wide range of interests, and are independent thinkers. Low...
Self-Evaluation Maintenance Model01:29

Self-Evaluation Maintenance Model

The Self-Evaluation Maintenance (SEM) model offers a psychological framework to understand how individuals’ self-esteem is influenced by the achievements of others, particularly those with whom they share close personal bonds. The SEM model operates when personal rather than social identity guides individuals. Central to this model is the notion that individuals have an inherent desire to preserve a favorable self-image, which is continuously shaped by interpersonal comparisons and...
Cattell's 16 Personality Factors01:24

Cattell's 16 Personality Factors

Raymond Cattell's trait theory offers a structured framework for understanding personality by distinguishing between two critical traits: surface and source traits. Surface traits are observable patterns of behavior, such as indecisiveness, anxiety, and irrational fears. These traits are less stable, varying across situations and over time. This means that they are less helpful in understanding the deeper aspects of an individual's personality.
In contrast, source traits are the fundamental,...
Traits, Mood, and Subjective Wellbeing01:22

Traits, Mood, and Subjective Wellbeing

Subjective well-being (SWB) refers to an individual's self-evaluation of their overall life satisfaction, happiness, and fulfillment. This multifaceted construct is typically assessed by analyzing the balance of positive and negative emotions alongside perceptions of life satisfaction. Personality traits such as neuroticism and extraversion are strongly associated with variations in SWB, offering critical insights into the underlying mechanisms of emotional well-being.
Neuroticism and Emotional...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Qualitative and Quantitative Validation of Tools with Rating Scales Aimed at Assessing the Quality of University Service-Learning
10:39

Qualitative and Quantitative Validation of Tools with Rating Scales Aimed at Assessing the Quality of University Service-Learning

Published on: August 29, 2025

Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire--reliability and factor structure: a Swedish version.

Josefine L Lilja1, Annika Frodi-Lundgren, Jan Johansson Hanse

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. josefine.lilja@vgregion.se

Cognitive Behaviour Therapy
|July 21, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Swedish Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) was validated, showing good psychometric properties and internal consistency. The

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 30, 2026

Qualitative and Quantitative Validation of Tools with Rating Scales Aimed at Assessing the Quality of University Service-Learning
10:39

Qualitative and Quantitative Validation of Tools with Rating Scales Aimed at Assessing the Quality of University Service-Learning

Published on: August 29, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Psychometrics
  • Mindfulness Research

Background:

  • Mindfulness is increasingly studied for its psychological benefits.
  • Validated instruments are crucial for reliable mindfulness assessment.
  • The Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) is a widely used measure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Swedish version of the FFMQ.
  • To adapt and validate the FFMQ for a Swedish-speaking population.
  • To examine the factor structure and construct validity of the Swedish FFMQ.

Main Methods:

  • Two studies were conducted with 495 participants.
  • Quantitative and qualitative analyses were used for scale reduction.
  • Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was employed to test the factor structure.

Main Results:

  • The Swedish FFMQ was reduced by 10 items, retaining strong internal consistency.
  • Cronbach's alphas for all facets were high, indicating reliability.
  • The 'Observing' facet was not significant in the overall mindfulness structure for novice meditators.

Conclusions:

  • The revised Swedish FFMQ is a psychometrically sound instrument for measuring mindfulness in Swedish populations.
  • The findings align with previous research on the FFMQ's factor structure.
  • Further research may explore the 'Observing' facet in experienced meditators.