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CdO-based nanostructures as novel CO(2) gas sensors.

T Krishnakumar1, R Jayaprakash, T Prakash

  • 1Department of Physics, King College of Technology, Nallur, Namakkal, Tamilnadu-637 020, India.

Nanotechnology
|July 21, 2011
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Summary

Novel cadmium oxide (CdO) nanostructures were synthesized for CO2 sensing. These CdO thick films show promise for practical applications in gas sensing technology.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Development of efficient gas sensors is crucial for environmental monitoring and industrial safety.
  • Cadmium oxide (CdO) nanostructures offer unique electrical and optical properties suitable for sensing applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize crystalline cadmium hydroxide/cadmium carbonate (Cd(OH)2/CdCO3) nanowires and convert them into cadmium oxide (CdO) nanostructures.
  • To investigate the morphology, microstructure, and electrical properties of the synthesized CdO nanostructures.
  • To fabricate and evaluate CdO-based thick film resistive sensors for carbon dioxide (CO2) detection.

Main Methods:

  • Microwave-assisted wet chemical synthesis of Cd(OH)2/CdCO3 nanowires.
  • Thermal treatment in air to convert nanowires into CdO nanostructures.
  • Characterization using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry (TGA-DSC).
  • Fabrication of resistive solid-state sensors on ceramic substrates with interdigitated contacts.
  • Gas sensing measurements for CO2 detection in synthetic air.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis of Cd(OH)2/CdCO3 nanowires (0.3-several microns length, 5-30 nm diameter) and their transformation into CdO nanostructures.
  • Observed wire-to-rod morphological transformation and decreased electrical resistance with increasing annealing temperature.
  • Demonstrated CO2 sensing capabilities of CdO thick films in the concentration range of 0.2-5 v/v% (2000-50,000 ppm).
  • Investigated the influence of annealing temperature, working temperature, and CO2 concentration on sensor performance (sensitivity, response/recovery time, stability).

Conclusions:

  • CdO nanostructures derived from Cd(OH)2/CdCO3 nanowires exhibit promising gas sensing properties for CO2.
  • The developed CdO-based thick film sensors show potential for practical CO2 monitoring applications.
  • Optimization of annealing and working temperatures can further enhance sensor performance.