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Colloids

Colloids

Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...

The Colloidal State

The Colloidal State

The formation of a colloidal system is exemplified by an aqueous solution containing Cl− ions is introduced to another containing Ag+ ions, resulting in the precipitation of solid AgCl as extremely tiny crystals. Instead of settling out as a filterable precipitate, these crystals remain suspended in the liquid, showcasing a colloidal system.A colloidal system involves colloidal particles within the approximate range of 1 to 1000 nm in at least one dimension, dispersed in a medium called the...

Colloids and Suspensions

Colloids and Suspensions

Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles visible to the naked eye or seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. The suspended particles in a suspension settle out after some time of mixing. The separation of particles from a suspension is...

Colloidal precipitates

Colloidal precipitates

The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Flash NanoPrecipitation for the Encapsulation of Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Compounds in Polymeric Nanoparticles

Flash NanoPrecipitation for the Encapsulation of Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Compounds in Polymeric Nanoparticles

Published on: January 7, 2019

Nanoparticle-stabilized colloids in compressible hydrofluoroalkanes.

Libo Wu¹, Sandro R P da Rocha

¹Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids

|July 22, 2011

Summary

Nanoparticles stabilize therapeutic particles in hydrofluoroalkanes, enabling lung delivery via inhalers. This platform offers a new method for noninvasive drug delivery and has broader industrial applications.

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Preparation of Hollow Polystyrene Particles and Microcapsules by Radical Polymerization of Janus Droplets Consisting of Hydrocarbon and Fluorocarbon Oils

Preparation of Hollow Polystyrene Particles and Microcapsules by Radical Polymerization of Janus Droplets Consisting of Hydrocarbon and Fluorocarbon Oils

Published on: January 25, 2018

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Pharmaceutical Sciences
Colloid Science

Background:

Micrometer-sized particles often aggregate due to strong van der Waals forces, limiting their application.
Hydrofluoroalkanes (HFAs) are used as solvents and propellants but require stabilizing agents for dispersed particles.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a nanoparticle system for stabilizing micrometer-sized therapeutic particles in HFAs.
To create a platform for noninvasive pulmonary drug delivery using portable inhalers.

Main Methods:

Dispersing biodegradable nanoparticles with chitosan cores and HFA-philic moieties in HFAs.
Testing the stability of various therapeutic particles (polar, hydrophobic, peptides, proteins, crystals, amorphous) within the HFA-NP system.

Main Results:

Nanoparticles effectively stabilized micrometer-sized therapeutic particles in HFAs, preventing flocculation.
The system demonstrated broad applicability across different therapeutic particle chemistries and morphologies.
The developed NP systems are suitable for propellant-based inhaler applications.

Conclusions:

Biodegradable, functionalized nanoparticles provide a versatile platform for stabilizing colloids in HFAs.
This technology enables noninvasive pulmonary drug delivery and has potential applications in industries utilizing HFAs.