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The Ras Gene

The Ras Gene

The Ras-gene-encoded proteins are regulators of signaling pathways controlling cell proliferation, differentiation, or cell survival. The Ras-gene family in humans constitutes three primary members—the HRas, NRas, and KRas. These genes code for four functionally distinct yet closely related proteins—the HRas, NRas, KRas4A, and KRas4B. The involvement of mutant Ras genes in human cancer was first discovered in 1982 and is among the most common causes of human tumorigenesis.
Ras is a superfamily...

Small GTPases - Ras and Rho

Small GTPases - Ras and Rho

Ras and Rho are small monomeric GTPases that act downstream of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) and regulate various cellular processes. These GTPases switch between active and inactive states by binding to guanine nucleotides.
Three regulatory proteins control their activity:

Rab Proteins

Rab Proteins

Rab proteins constitute the largest family of monomeric GTPases, of which 70 members are present in humans. Rab proteins and their effectors regulate consecutive stages of vesicle transport such as vesicle transport, docking, and fusion to the correct recipient membrane.
Rab proteins switch between a cytosolic, GDP-bound inactive state and a membrane-anchored, GTP-bound active state. By themselves, Rabs show slow rates of GDP/GTP exchange and GTP hydrolysis. Thus, Rab proteins are considered...

MAPK Signaling Cascades

MAPK Signaling Cascades

Mitogen-activated protein kinase, or MAPK pathway, activates three sequential kinases to regulate cellular responses such as proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis. The canonical MAPK pathway starts with a mitogen or growth factor binding to an RTK. The activated RTKs stimulate Ras, which recruits Raf or MAP3 Kinase (MAPKKK), the first kinase of the MAPK signaling cascade. Raf further phosphorylates and activates MEK or MAP2 Kinases (MAPKK), which in turn phosphorylates MAP...

The Ras Gene

The Ras Gene

The Ras-gene-encoded proteins are regulators of signaling pathways controlling cell proliferation, differentiation, or cell survival. The Ras-gene family in humans constitutes three primary members—the HRas, NRas, and KRas. These genes code for four functionally distinct yet closely related proteins—the HRas, NRas, KRas4A, and KRas4B. The involvement of mutant Ras genes in human cancer was first discovered in 1982 and is among the most common causes of human tumorigenesis.
Ras is a superfamily...

Rab Cascades

Rab Cascades

Rab GTPases act in a regulated cascade during membrane fusion, helping the lipid bilayers mix. The Rab family of proteins are active when bound to GTP, and inactive when bound to GDP. Hence, they act as guanine nucleotide-dependent molecular switches. Rab-GTP recognizes and binds to long or short-range tethering proteins to capture the target vesicle. These tethers coordinate with SNAREs on the vesicle and the target membrane to assemble the trans SNARE complex that locks the mixing bilayers.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer (BRET)-Based Assay for Measuring Interactions of CRAF with 14-3-3 Proteins in Live Cells

Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer (BRET)-Based Assay for Measuring Interactions of CRAF with 14-3-3 Proteins in Live Cells

Published on: March 1, 2024

RASSF1A: Not a prototypical Ras effector.

Marilyn Gordon¹, Shairaz Baksh

¹Department of Pediatrics; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry; University of Alberta; Edmonton, AB Canada.

|July 22, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The Ras association domain family (RASSF) genes, involved in cancer, may link Ras signaling to apoptosis. This review highlights RASSF proteins

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Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer (BRET)-Based Assay for Measuring Interactions of CRAF with 14-3-3 Proteins in Live Cells

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Area of Science:

Oncology
Molecular Biology
Genetics

Background:

Ras association domain family (RASSF) genes are frequently silenced in cancers via promoter methylation.
Eight RASSF genes (RASSF2-4, RASSF6-10) have been identified alongside RASSF1 and RASSF5.
All RASSF members share a Ras association (RA) domain, suggesting interaction with Ras GTPases.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the biological functions of RASSF genes.
To investigate the potential link between Ras signaling and apoptosis mediated by RASSF proteins.
To review the current understanding of RASSF1A biology and its Ras-binding interactions.

Main Methods:

Literature review of RASSF gene family functions.
Analysis of RASSF protein interactions with Ras GTPases.
Discussion of RASSF1A's role in cell death and the significance of its RA domain.

Main Results:

RASSF proteins function as tumor suppressors, cell death activators, cell cycle modulators, and microtubule stabilizers.
Several RASSF members have shown association with Ras.
Controversy exists regarding RASSF1A's ability to induce cell death via Ras and the importance of its RA domain.

Conclusions:

RASSF proteins are crucial in cancer biology and cellular processes.
Further research is needed to clarify the precise mechanisms of Ras-RASSF interactions and RASSF1A's role in apoptosis.
Understanding RASSF biology may reveal therapeutic targets for cancer treatment.